Reference soil Australia 23: Solonetz

AU023

Solonetzes occur where a sodium source supplies the clay-rich subsoil with exchangeable Na, causing peptization of clay and organic substances and deterioration of the topsoil.

Characteristics

Soils having a natric horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon and more than 15% exchangeable sodium) within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil AU023: Solonetz

Classification

WRB 1998
Solonetz
FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988		FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974
Calci-Gleyic Solonetz		Gleyic Solonetz

Local classification:

HAS: Solonetz; FK: Dy3.43

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Natrixeralf xeric fine-loamy mixed (calcareous) thermic

Profile description

Ap1 0-3 cm	(7.5YR 4.5/2, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)sandy loam,weak fine and medium crumb,slightly hard friable slightly sticky,many very fine pores,many very fine few fine and medium roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear boundary to,
Ap2 3-20 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/2, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, moist)sandy loam,massive to very weak fine and medium crumb,hard firm sticky plastic,few medium mottles (7.5YR 5/4),common very fine pores,many very fine roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,abrupt boundary to,
Btn 20-33 cm	reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)clay,strong very coarse columnar,extremely hard very firm very sticky very plastic,common prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 4/2),broken thick humus in cracks cutans,few very fine pores,few very fine roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,gradual boundary to,
Btnk 33-42 cm	reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)clay,strong very coarse columnar,extremely hard very firm very sticky very plastic,common prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 4/2),broken thick humus in cracks cutans,few very fine pores,few very fine roots,very few soft calcareous soft segregations,calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse boundary to,
Ck 42-66 cm	very pale brown (10YR 8/4, dry) (10YR 6.5/4, moist)silty clay,massive to moderate medium angular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,few fine prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 4/2) and few medium mottles (2.5YR 4/6),common many very fine pores,few very fine few medium roots,dominant soft calcareous soft segregations,strongly calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse boundary to,
C 66-91 cm	very pale brown (10YR 8/4, dry) (10YR 6.5/4, moist)silty clay,massive,hard friable sticky plastic,few fine prominent clear mottles (2.5YR 4/6) and (8),few very fine pores,few very fine roots,very frequent soft calcareous soft segregations,strongly calcareous 10% HCl,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	Cenozoic sediments. Pliocene sandy deposits (Parilla sand) is important locally, probably of fluvio-lacustrine origin, marginal to estuarine. It may be overlain by clayey sedidements of Pleisticene age, possibly lacustrine or aeolian.
Soil Depth	155cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Major crops	cereals (unspecified)
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	land clearing
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: native vegetation: savannah woodland of Casuarina luehmannii (bull oak), Eucalyptus leucoxylon (South Australian blue gum) and E. largiflorens (river box). LAND USE: crops and pasture (cereal cropping (mainly wheat and barley) with some volunteer or sown pasture
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous woodland

Altitude	107m
Physiographic Unit	very gentle slope
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	1%
Slope Aspect	south
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Dry From - To	0-155cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	moderately alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Australia 23: Solonetz

Characteristics

Reference soil AU023: Solonetz

Classification