Reference soil Brazil 13: Ferralsol

BR013

Distribution of Ferralsols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Very deep, well drained brownish yellow, clay soil with a massive porous structure. The soil layer from 10 to 50 cm has a vague dark greyish mottled appearance. This mottling is caused by dark humus which is not well homogenized through the yellow soil. Biological activity: few dispersed small termite mounds at the soil surface, black and red ant activity in the litter layer. *) Brazilian classification: Latossolo Amarelo Distrofico. According to the revised legend of FAO (1988) the soil has geric properties, because the ECEC is less than 1.5 cmol(+)/kg clay. According to the USDA ST (1992) the soil does not have acric properties, because the soil should have also a pH (1N KCl) of more than 5.0. Land use: in the environment of site limited wood extraction. Landscape: very flat over long distances. There is no clear surface drainage network, all surplus precipitation infiltrates to the deeper subsoil and flows through the sub-stratum laterally to the Rio Tapajoz. The geogenesis of the Belterra clay is not very well understood. Reference soil BR 13 is comparable to soil profile 1 in Boletim de Pesquisa no. 20.

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Geric Ferralsol(Alumic Clayic Xanthic)

Alumi- Geric Ferralsol(Xanthic)

7-300 cm	ferralic horizon
	geric properties

0-25 cm	ochric horizon
7-300 cm	ferralic horizon
	geric properties

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Xanthi-

Geric Ferralsol

Xanthic Ferralsol

0-25 cm	ochric A horizon
7-300 cm	ferralic B horizon
	geric properties

0-25 cm	ochric A horizon
7-300 cm	oxic B horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Plagganthrept

USDA-SCS (1975)

Plaggept

kaolinitic

isohyperthermic

Classification (other)

Latossolo Amarelo com A antrópico; local name: Terra Preta dos Indios

Location:

Pará State, road BR163 Santarém-Cuiabá at km 52.2, near Belterra

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Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-7	:	-	0.1	1.4	5.0	4.1	0.8	11.4	3.6	0.7	4.3	84.2
7-25	:	-	0.1	0.9	2.9	2.4	0.5	6.8	4.9	0.3	5.2	88.0
25-48	:	-	0.1	0.6	1.8	1.4	0.3	4.2	3.7	0.3	4.0	91.8
48-85	:	-	0.1	0.6	1.4	1.2	0.3	3.6	2.3	1.3	3.6	92.7
85-132	:	-	0.2	0.6	1.4	1.0	0.3	3.5	3.8	1.0	4.8	91.7
132-150	:	-	0.2	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.3	4.0	0.6	5.5	6.1	89.9
170-250	:	-	0.2	0.9	1.5	1.1	0.3	-	2.6	3.2	5.8	4.0
170-250	:	90.2
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
0-	:	-

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
7-12	:	1.105	50.8	46.7	42.4	39.4	38.6	37.2	35.2	33.4	-
23-28	:	1.134	50.7	47.3	42.4	39.7	38.9	37.8	36.1	34.3	-
51-56	:	1.114	47.8	47.3	43.3	40.4	39.3	37.7	36.2	34.6	-
102-107	:	1.191	49.6	49.6	48.4	44.6	43.4	41.6	38.0	36.6	-
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-7	:	-	70	-	43.9	84.2
7-25	:	-	65	-	49.4	88.0
25-48	:	-	62	-	0.0	91.8
48-85	:	-	61	-	0.0	92.7
85-132	:	-	61	-	0.0	91.7
132-150	:	-	59	-	0.0	89.9
170-250	:	-	60	-	0.0	90.2
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-7	:	3.9	3.7	0.26	-	2.64	0.21	13	-	-	1.0	0.3	0.1	0.1	1.5
7-25	:	4.5	3.9	0.06	-	1.37	0.10	14	-	-	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.6
25-48	:	4.6	4.0	0.02	-	0.77	0.08	10	-	-	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
48-85	:	4.8	4.0	0.02	-	0.50	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
85-132	:	5.1	4.1	0.01	-	0.35	-	-	-	-	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
132-150	:	5.4	4.2	0.01	-	0.27	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
170-250	:	5.2	4.1	0.01	-	0.30	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-7	:	6.9	-	9.2	-	22	-	1
7-25	:	5.5	-	4.8	-	11	-	2
25-48	:	3.0	-	2.7	-	13	-	3
48-85	:	2.6	-	1.8	-	4	-	0
85-132	:	2.6	-	1.2	-	15	-	4
132-150	:	1.9	-	0.9	-	5	-	5
170-250	:	2.1	-	1.1	-	5	-	0
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-7	:	-	21	-	-	0.19	0.11	0.03	1.57	0.30	-	-	-
7-25	:	-	20	-	-	0.12	0.12	0.04	1.70	0.33	-	-	-
25-48	:	-	20	-	-	0.05	0.11	0.05	1.79	0.35	-	-	-
48-85	:	-	22	-	-	0.03	0.10	0.04	1.76	0.33	-	-	-
85-132	:	-	21	-	-	0.02	0.11	0.05	1.80	0.34	-	-	-
132-150	:	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.12	0.05	1.80	0.36	-	-	-
170-250	:	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.10	0.05	1.55	0.30	-	-	-
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)		SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-7	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7-25	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25-48	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
48-85	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
85-132	:	42.1	35.8	6.3	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	2.00
132-150	:	41.8	35.5	6.3	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03	2.01
170-250	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	Ign.Loss clay (wt%)	Total clay (%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-7	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7-25	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25-48	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
48-85	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
85-132	:	0.00	0.05	13.7	100.0	2.0	17.7	1.8	8.8
132-150	:	0.00	0.05	13.7	99.4	2.0	17.6	1.8	8.8
170-250	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-7	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7-25	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25-48	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
48-85	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
85-132	:	strong	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong
132-150	:	strong	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong
170-250	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
0-	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ah 0-7 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist), clay, weak to moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky to crumb, friable sticky plastic, many very fine pores, clear smooth boundary to,
AB 7-25 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist), clay, weak moderate subangular blocky to porous massive, friable sticky plastic, many very fine pores, gradual smooth boundary to,
BA 25-48 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist), clay, weak fine and medium subangular blocky to porous massive, firm sticky plastic, many very fine pores, diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bw1 48-85 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/8, moist), clay, weak fine and medium subangular blocky, firm sticky plastic, broken thin clay cutans, many very fine pores, diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bw2 85-170 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/8, moist), clay, moderately coherent porous massive, firm sticky plastic, broken thin clay cutans, many very fine pores, diffuse smooth boundary to,
Auger 170-250 cm	(7.5Y no/no, moist), clay, moderately coherent porous massive,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	lacustrine sediments
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	clayey
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Remarks on Parent Materials	Belterra clay; geogenesis of the Belterra clay is not very well understood

Current land use at the site	extraction and collection
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Landuse: Forestry research station

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	75 m asl
Regional landform	lacustrine plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	flat plain
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	1 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site	s

Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Runoff	very slow
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Drainage Class	well

Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	sheet
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)

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Reference soil Brazil 13: Ferralsol