Reference soil Brazil 28: Gleysol-old

BR028

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil BR028: Gleysols

Very deep, imperfectly drained silty loam with a thin dark grey topsoil and a strongly mottled subsoil. Effective soil depth depends on fluctuating water table, determined by water level of the river. Porosity and permeability of whole soil profile is very high. Deep augering shows different strata due to variation in mottling. The profile show some river-sedimemtation strtification. The soil classifies as Gleysol bordering to Fluvisol. Brazilian classification: Plintossolo Eutrofico Tbtextura media. Slides no 9904-9909.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Fluvic- Gleysol (Eutric)

Eutric- Gleysol

10-135 cm	cambic horizon
-	fluvic
-	gleyic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions

0-22 cm	ochric horizon
22-135 cm	cambic horizon
-	fluvic
-	gleyic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Eutric Gleysol

Eutric Gleysol cerrado

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
22-135 cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	umbric A horizon
-	gleyic

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
22-135 cm	cambic B horizon
-	hydromorphic

Local classification:	Plintossolo eutrófico Tb textura media

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Tropaquept peraquic clayey isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	0.1	0.5	1.2	3.1	23.9	28.8	34.6	20.5	55.1	16.1
10-22	-	0.1	0.6	1.1	2.5	23.4	27.7	34.1	19.9	54.0	18.4
22-70	-	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.6	27.9	29.9	35.9	11.6	47.5	22.5
70-103	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	2.9	39.6	42.7	26.6	14.4	41.0	16.4
103-126	-	0.1	0.3	0.7	4.3	7.8	13.2	21.9	30.5	52.4	34.5
126-135	-	0.5	1.9	6.7	22.6	14.8	46.5	9.6	13.1	22.7	30.8
135-175	-	0.9	4.1	14.5	23.7	13.0	56.2	9.4	4.0	13.4	30.4
175-235	-	1.0	3.5	12.4	25.0	15.5	57.4	9.0	3.3	12.3	30.4
235-335	-	1.2	4.2	12.1	26.3	16.6	60.4	8.5	2.2	10.7	28.8
335-435	-	1.8	4.4	12.9	27.3	15.9	62.3	9.0	2.0	11.0	26.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
10-15	1.450	-	-	-	-
0-10	-	-	-	5.6	16.1
30-35	1.552	-	-	-	-
10-22	-	-	-	10.0	18.4
22-70	-	62	-	9.9	22.5
90-95	1.479	-	-	-	-
70-103	-	48	-	8.9	16.4
103-126	-	94	-	7.6	34.5
126-135	-	66	-	19.9	30.8
135-175	-	51	-	20.1	30.4
175-235	-	43	-	10.8	30.4
235-335	-	34	-	0.9	28.8
335-435	-	26	-	0.5	26.7

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
10-15	1.450	44.9	44.6	42.2	36.5	33.8	27.3	19.1	19.0
30-35	1.552	42.7	42.5	39.8	35.2	33.2	28.8	22.1	21.7
90-95	1.479	42.2	42.2	38.6	32.8	27.9	20.6	16.6	16.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	5.9	5.5	0.21	-	2.00	0.14	14	0	0	10.4	2.0	0.2	0.1	12.7
10-22	5.6	4.0	0.01	-	0.54	0.06	9	0.9	0.7	2.2	1.5	0.1	0.0	3.8
22-70	5.8	4.0	0.01	-	0.29	-	-	1.7	1.6	2.2	1.8	0.2	0.0	4.2
70-103	6.0	4.1	0.01	-	0.17	-	-	1.0	0.9	1.8	1.9	0.1	0.1	3.9
103-126	5.9	4.0	0.01	-	0.22	-	-	1.2	1.1	3.9	4.5	0.2	0.0	8.6
126-135	6.1	4.1	0.01	-	0.20	-	-	0.8	0.7	2.4	3.1	0.2	0.0	5.7
135-175	5.4	3.9	0.01	-	0.14	-	-	1.6	1.4	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.2	2.0
175-235	5.5	4.0	0.05	-	0.13	-	-	1.2	1.1	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.1	1.9
235-335	5.8	4.3	0.01	-	0.05	-	-	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.8	0.0	0.1	1.5
335-435	5.8	4.9	0.01	-	0.02	-	-	0.1	0	0.2	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	95	13.3	83	7.0	-	0	1
10-22	54	7.0	38	1.9	-	10	0
22-70	58	7.3	32	1.0	-	22	0
70-103	70	5.6	34	0.6	-	16	2
103-126	77	11.2	32	0.8	-	10	0
126-135	69	8.3	27	0.7	-	8	0
135-175	41	4.9	16	0.5	-	29	4
175-235	51	3.7	12	0.5	-	30	3
235-335	41	3.7	13	0.2	-	5	3
335-435	64	1.4	5	0.1	-	0	14

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	0.60	0.00	-	-	-	0.40
10-22	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.80	0.10	-	-	-	0.30
22-70	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	1.20	0.10	-	-	-	0.20
70-103	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	1.00	0.10	-	-	-	0.20
103-126	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	1.90	0.20	-	-	-	0.20
126-135	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	1.40	0.10	-	-	-	0.10
135-175	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.70	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
175-235	-	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.30	0.00	-	-	-	0.00
235-335	-	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.70	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
335-435	-	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	0.00

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	medium to strong	-	weak	medium to strong	-
10-22	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	medium to strong	-	weak	medium to strong	-
22-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-
70-103	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-
103-126	-	-	-	-	-	-	very strong	weak	-	weak	strong	-
126-135	-	-	-	-	-	-	very strong	weak	-	weak	weak	-
135-175	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	-	weak	-
175-235	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	-	weak	-
235-335	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	-	weak	-	weak	-
335-435	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	-	-	-

Profile description

Ah 0-10 cm	(10YR 2.5/1, moist)clay,weak very fine and fine subangular blocky and weak very fine and fine crumb,very friable sticky plastic,many fine medium pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
10-22 cm	(10YR 4.5/1.5, moist)clay,weak medium subangular blocky,very friable sticky plastic,common fine prominent clear mottles (5 YR 5/8),many fine medium pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Bg1 22-70 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)clay,weak medium subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,many medium prominent clear mottles (5 YR 5/8),many fine medium pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bg2 70-103 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)silty clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common medium prominent clear mottles (2.5 YR 3/6) and many medium prominent mottles (5 YR 4/6),many fine medium pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Bg3 103-126 cm	(10YR 6/1.5, moist)clay,weak medium subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,common fine prominent clear mottles (7.5 YR 1/0) and many medium prominent mottles,many fine medium pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Bg4 126-135 cm	(10YR 5.5/1, moist)sandy clay,friable sticky plastic,
Auger 135-435 cm	(light) grey (10YR 6/1, moist)sandy clay,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	kaolinitic alluvium
Soil Depth	70cm
Texture of parent material	clayey
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	highly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LANDUSE: Occasionaly some shifting cultivation
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	primary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	200m
Physiographic Unit	transition levee-backswamp
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	floodplain
Slope	0%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	yearly
Nature of flood water	fresh
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	300cm
Depth to groundwater table	120cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	flooded
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	0cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	ponded

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Brazil 28: Gleysol-old

Characteristics

Reference soil BR028: Gleysols

Classification