Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 4: Acrisol

CI004

Deep, moderately well drained, yellowish brown clay, with a thin sand loam topsoil. From a depth of 70cm downward the material consists for a large part of ironstone fragments and ferrigenous concretions

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Stagnic Plinthic Vetic Acrisol

(Hyperdystric Profondic Clayic)

Stagni- Plinthic Acrisol

(Vetic Hyperdystric)

50-110 cm ferralic horizon
80-110 cm plinthic horizon
8-110 cm argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Veti-

Plinthic Acrisol

Plinthic Ferralsol

0-8 cm ochric A horizon
8-110 cm argic B horizon
8-110 cm ferralic B horizon
plinthite

0-8 cm ochric A horizon
8-110 cm oxic B horizon
plinthite

Location:

Tai Forest Reserve, parcelle de Fred Vooren, lower slope

Physical

Depth (cm)	Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	-	0.5	3.5	22.3	37.7	12.8	76.8	8.0	4.8	12.8	10.5
8-30	-	0.8	2.7	16.5	29.5	11.6	61.1	10.5	5.7	16.2	22.8
30-50	-	0.9	2.4	13.2	23.9	10.5	50.9	11.2	6.2	17.4	31.7
50-80	-	1.8	2.6	11.7	19.7	9.8	45.6	11.6	6.4	18	36.5
80-110	54	4.9	2.9	8.5	15.1	8.2	39.6	12.8	9.2	22	38.3

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
10-15	1.56	37.4	36.7	31.7	26.6	23.8	21.1	16.1	15.2	-
40-50	1.54	38.7	37.7	33.7	29.7	27.7	25.5	21.5	20.3	-
68-73	1.47	43.3	41.4	36.5	31.6	29.7	27.7	23.2	20.5	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	-	18	-	3.8	10.5
8-30	-	33	-	11.2	22.8
30-50	-	42	-	18.9	31.7
50-80	-	48	-	4.6	36.5
80-110	-	63	-	0.0	38.3

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-8	4.3	3.8	0.13	-	0.93	0.07	13	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5
8-30	4.4	3.8	0.05	-	0.65	0.06	11	1.3	1.2	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.2
30-50	4.4	3.8	0.03	-	0.50	0.04	13	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
50-80	4.5	3.8	0.03	-	0.47	0.02	23	1.6	1.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
80-110	4.7	4.0	0.02	-	0.38	-	-	1.4	1.4	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1

Depth (cm)	CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)
0-8	2.3	-	3.3	-	22	-
8-30	3.0	-	2.3	-	7	-
30-50	3.2	-	1.8	-	3	-
50-80	2.8	-	1.6	-	4	-
80-110	3.0	-	1.3	-	3	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-8	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.70	0.20	-	-	-
8-30	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	1.20	0.30	-	-	-
30-50	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	1.60	0.40	-	-	-
50-80	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	1.80	0.40	-	-	-
80-110	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	4.30	0.60	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-8	41.4	34.7	8.4	0.18	0.16	-	1.62
8-30	41.0	35.1	8.4	0.16	0.14	-	1.55
30-50	41.4	35.5	8.2	0.14	0.13	-	1.49
50-80	41.9	35.3	8.1	0.14	0.13	-	1.45
80-110	41.4	35.5	7.7	0.13	0.11	-	1.47

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	Ign.Loss clay (wt%)	Total clay (%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-8	0.03	0.30	13.7	100.49	2	13.1	1.8	6.5
8-30	0.02	0.25	13.8	100.42	2	13	1.7	6.5
30-50	0.01	0.27	13.9	101.04	2	13.4	1.7	6.8
50-80	0.01	0.23	14.0	101.26	2	13.7	1.8	6.8
80-110	0.01	0.18	13.9	100.4	2	14.3	1.7	7.2

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-8	91.4	3.8	1.3	0.06	0.03	-	0.33
8-30	84.9	8.2	2.4	0.07	0.04	-	0.57
30-50	78.3	11.1	3.1	0.07	0.05	-	0.71
50-80	76.3	13.4	4.0	0.08	0.05	-	0.83
80-110	64.2	17.4	8.4	0.08	0.05	-	1.03

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	LOI (wt%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-8	0.00	0.00	3.0	40.8	186.9	33.5	4.6
8-30	0.00	0.01	4.4	17.6	94	14.8	5.4
30-50	0.00	0.01	5.4	12	67.1	10.2	5.6
50-80	0.00	0.01	6.1	9.7	50.7	8.1	5.2
80-110	0.01	0.02	7.9	6.3	20.3	4.8	3.2

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-8	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
8-30	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
30-50	very strong	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
50-80	very strong	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
80-110	very strong	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-

Profile description

Ah 0-8 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist), sandy loam, moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky, very friable non sticky non plastic, many micro to fine interstitial pores and many micro to fine tubular pores, many very fine to coarse roots, frequent worm channels and termite channels, non calcareous, gradual smooth boundary to,
Bo1 8-30 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist), sandy clay loam, weak fine subangular blocky, friable slightly sticky plastic, many very fine and fine interstitial pores and many very fine and fine tubular pores, few fine and medium roots, few charcoal fragments, frequent worm channels and termite channels, non calcareous, gradual smooth boundary to,
Bo2 30-50 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist), sandy clay loam, moderate very fine angular blocky parting to weak very fine subangular blocky, friable sticky plastic, many very fine and fine tubular pores and many very fine and fine interstitial pores, few fine and medium roots, few charcoal fragments, frequent worm channels and termite channels, frequent worm channels and termite channels, non calcareous, diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bo3 50-80 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist), clay, moderate medium angular blocky parting to weak very fine subangular blocky, friable sticky plastic, few (2-5%) fine faint clear mottles (5YR 4/6), common many fine and very fine interstitial pores and common to many very fine and fine tubular pores, few fine and medium roots, very few small spherical hard ferruginous concretions, no fragments, frequent worm channels and termite channels, non calcareous, abrupt irregular boundary to,
Bvm 80-110 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist), clay very gravelly, porous massive, sticky plastic, few very fine and fine discontinuous vesicular pores, few fine and medium roots, dominant medium irregular hard ferruginous concretions and dominant large irregular hard ferruginous concretions, very few fine gravel quartz fragments, discontinuous vesicular weakly cemented plinthite, non calcareous,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	metamorphic rock
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	loamy
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	Precambrian migmatite rich in biotite

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	splash
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	moderate
Occurrence of soil aggradation	present
Slope Stability

Current land use at the site	nature and game preservation
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Status of vegetation	primary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Tropical lowland forest; national park

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	166 m asl
Regional landform	peneplain
Topography of the surrounding country	rolling
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	slope of dissected peneplain
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	5 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	lower slope
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Slope Aspect of the site	south-west

Depth of groundwater table	0 cm
Groundwater Top	80 cm
Groundwater Bottom	0 cm
Kind of groundwater table	perched
Top Stagnating Layer	80 cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	110 cm
Runoff	rapid
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Drainage Class	moderately well
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	0-110 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site	termite/ant mounds
Microrelief Pattern	isolated
Microrelief Height	5
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 4: Acrisol