Reference soil Canada 13: Luvisol

CA013

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CA013: Luvisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Profondi-Albic- Luvisol (Cutanic Hyperdystric)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Humic Alisol

Humic Acrisol

Local classification:	Tormentine Series, Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Fragiochrept udic coarse-loamy mixed frigid

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-18	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
18-26	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
26-43	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
43-59	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
59-72	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
72-81	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
81-106	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
106-131	-	-	-	-	-	-	0
131-180	-	-	-	-	-	-	0

Profile description

Ap 0-18 cm	light reddish brown (5YR 6/3, dry) reddish brown (5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam,weak fine granular,very friable,many roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,abrupt smooth boundary to,
E 18-26 cm	pink (5YR 7/3, dry) pinkish grey (5YR 6/2, moist)sandy loam,weak fine granular,very friable,many roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse broken boundary to,
Bh 26-43 cm	reddish brown (5YR 5/4, dry) red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)loam,weak fine subangular blocky parting to granular,very friable,and,many roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear smooth boundary to,
43-59 cm	(5YR 6/3.5, dry) reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,medium platy parting to fine subangular blocky,friable,and,common roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear smooth boundary to,
2Ex 59-72 cm	light reddish brown (5YR 6/4, dry) reddish brown (5YR 5/4, moist)sandy loam,weak medium platy parting to fine subangular blocky,firm,(5YR 4/6),and,few roots,platy weakly cemented pans,non calcareous 10% HCl,abrupt smooth boundary to,
2Bx1 72-81 cm	(5YR 5.5/3, dry) reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam gravelly,strong medium platy parting to fine subangular blocky,very firm,patchy thin clay on pedfaces cutans,and,no roots,platy strongly cemented fragipan pans,non calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse wavy boundary to,
2Bx2 81-106 cm	light reddish brown (5YR 6/3, dry) reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam gravelly,strong medium platy,very firm,broken clay cutans,and,no roots,platy strongly cemented fragipan pans,non calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse wavy boundary to,
2Bx3 106-131 cm	(5YR 5.5/4, dry) reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam gravelly,strong medium platy,firm,broken clay cutans,and,no roots,platy strongly cemented fragipan pans,non calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse wavy boundary to,
2Cx 131-180 cm	reddish brown (5YR 5/4, dry) reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam,strong coarse platy,firm,patchy thin clay cutans,and,no roots,platy strongly cemented fragipan pans,non calcareous 10% HCl,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	reddish-brown sandy loam glacial till
Soil Depth	180cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	natural forest and woodland
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Maritime Lowlands Ecoregion, characterized by red spruce (Picea rubens), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill)
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	8m
Physiographic Unit	slope
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	moraine
Slope	7%
Slope Aspect	south
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-180cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Canada 13: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CA013: Luvisols

Classification