Reference soil Chile 03: Andosol

CL003

Andosols occur throughout the world where volcanic activity is common, especially in the circum-Pacific region and along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Characteristics

Soils with a vitric or andic horizon (slightly to moderately weathered horizons in pyroclastic deposits dominated by short-range-order minerals, notably allophane and imogolite) starting within 25 cm from the soil surface. In addition, they may have a histic, fulvic, melanic, mollic, umbric, ochric, duric, or cambic horizon. Other diagnostic horizons (unless buried deeper than 50 cm by volcanic deposits) are absent.

Distribution of Andosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CL003: Andosol

Classification

WRB 2014
Andosol

Local classification:	Medial, mesic Typic Haploxerands

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-8	-	0.5	3.7	5.45	8	9.75	27.4	17.7	45.7	63.4	9.2
8-21	-	1.25	3.1	9.1	12.6	12.05	38.1	28.5	28.55	57.05	4.85
21-46	-	1.6	5.7	12.35	16.55	15.65	51.85	21.2	25.4	46.6	3.1
46-74	-	1.3	4	13.8	23.85	19.35	62.3	19	18.6	37.6	0.2
74-85	-	1.05	5.1	13.95	20.45	17.05	57.6	15.9	26.4	42.3	0.2
85-120	-	1.5	6.3	14.2	19.55	12.95	54.5	13.4	31	44.4	1.1
120-160	-	1.25	5.95	12.95	18	13.6	51.75	14.05	30.9	44.95	3.3
160-220	-	0.55	5.2	13.95	23.15	14.7	57.55	7.25	23.75	31	11.45
220-300	-	1	5.3	14.35	21.85	14.55	57.05	19.45	20.4	39.85	3.1

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-8	0.88	-	-	3.1	9.2
8-21	0.89	-	-	0.5	4.85
21-46	0.89	-	-	0.1	3.1
46-74	1	-	-	-	0.2
74-85	0.99	-	-	1.1	0.2
85-120	0.98	-	-	8.6	1.1
120-160	1.11	-	-	5.9	3.3
160-220	1.15	-	-	-	11.45
220-300	1.17	-	-	6.4	3.1

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-8	0.88	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8-21	0.89	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
21-46	0.89	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
46-74	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
74-85	0.99	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
85-120	0.98	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
120-160	1.11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
160-220	1.15	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
220-300	1.17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-8	6.45	5.55	-	-	-	0.976	14	-	-	24.6	3.7	2.1	0.1	30.5
8-21	6.7	5.75	-	-	-	0.356	11	-	-	9.1	0.9	1.1	-	11.1
21-46	6.8	5.9	-	-	-	0.3	10	-	-	8.9	0.5	1.5	-	10.9
46-74	7	5.9	-	-	-	0.206	10	-	-	8.5	0.9	1.4	-	10.8
74-85	6.75	5.65	-	-	-	0.172	7	-	-	7.1	1.9	0.7	-	9.7
85-120	6.8	5.75	-	-	-	0.12	7	-	-	6.6	0.8	0.8	-	8.2
120-160	6.9	5.7	-	-	-	0.116	8	-	-	5.2	2	1.1	-	8.3
160-220	6.8	5.45	-	-	-	0.129	7	-	-	3.7	2	2.6	-	8.3
220-300	6.6	5.45	-	-	-	0.094	11	-	-	1.6	0.4	0.6	-	2.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-8	62	49	-	-	-	-	-
8-21	33	33.3	-	-	-	-	-
21-46	36	30.7	-	-	-	-	-
46-74	40	27.1	-	-	-	-	-
74-85	34	28.9	-	-	-	-	-
85-120	30	27.4	-	-	-	-	-
120-160	28	29.7	-	-	-	-	-
160-220	27	31.1	-	-	-	-	-
220-300	9	29.1	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-8	10.6	95	0.585	4.845	2.365	3	1.1	0.1	0.6	-	1.48
8-21	10.95	99	0.375	6.575	3.515	4	1.2	0.1	0.4	-	1.795
21-46	10.95	99	0.33	6.625	3.68	4.1	1.3	-	0.3	-	1.81
46-74	10.9	98.5	0.285	7.165	4.3	4.4	1.2	-	0.2	-	2.05
74-85	10.9	98.5	0.285	7.285	4.585	4.8	1.3	-	0.2	-	2.265
85-120	10.9	99	0.29	6.91	4.2	4.8	1.4	-	0.2	-	2.05
120-160	10.9	99	0.34	6.895	4.285	5	1.4	-	0.2	-	2.265
160-220	10.9	99	0.35	5.59	3.605	5.2	1.6	-	0.3	-	2.34
220-300	10.9	99.5	0.325	8.58	5.385	5.2	1.6	-	0.3	-	2.975

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-8	-	-	-	5.85	-	-	1151.05	-	0.11
8-21	-	-	-	5.95	-	-	733.15	-	0.05
21-46	-	-	-	6.1	-	-	685.45	-	0.04
46-74	-	-	-	6.2	-	-	589.05	-	0.05
74-85	-	-	-	6	-	-	514.25	-	0.03
85-120	-	-	-	6.1	-	-	473.4	-	0.06
120-160	-	-	-	6.05	-	-	577.6	-	0.06
160-220	-	-	-	5.8	-	-	470.65	-	0.04
220-300	-	-	-	5.7	-	-	711.1	-	0.06

Profile description

A1 0-8 cm	dark yellowish brown; subangular blocky; slightly plastic; many; many; fine (0.5-2 mm); common; smooth; nearly plane surface
A2 8-21 cm	3; subangular blocky; non-plastic; few; common; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw1 21-46 cm	strong brown; subangular blocky; non-plastic; common; common; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw2 46-74 cm	strong brown; subangular blocky; non-plastic; few; common; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw3 74-85 cm	strong brown; subangular blocky; non-plastic; common; few; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw4 85-120 cm	strong brown; blocky; slightly plastic; common; few; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw5 120-160 cm	reddish yellow; massive; plastic; few; few; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw6 160-220 cm	brownish yellow; silt loam; slightly plastic; many; common; fine (0.5-2 mm); few; smooth; nearly plane surface
Bw7 220-300 cm	brownish yellow; silt loam; slightly plastic; few; few;

Altitude	118m
Slope	06%
Slope Aspect	south-east
Slope gradient %	6.5%

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained

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Reference soil Chile 03: Andosol

Characteristics

Reference soil CL003: Andosol

Classification