Reference soil Colombia 04: Cambisol

CO004

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CO004: Cambisols

PHYSIOGRAPHY: Sedimentary plain, resulting in an interchange of (V-shaped) valley and flat to slightly convex interfluves. PARENT MATERIAL: Quartz and chert in matrix of sandy clay (Quarternary-Pliocene). VEGETATION AND LAND USE: The tropical rainforest (bosque alto bien desarrollado sobre superficies dissectadas con poco presencia de palinas) is in parts cleared for the cultivation of cooking banana and casave, a fallow of 1 year is allowed ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ap - also common coarse roots. AB(E) - also common coarse roots. Bw1(E) - also common coarse roots.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Cambisol (Alumic Humic Clayic)

Hyperdystric- Cambisol

10-150 cm

cambic horizon

0-35 cm	ochric horizon
35-150 cm	cambic horizon
-	strongly humic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Humi-Dystric Cambisol

Dystric Cambisol

0-35 cm	ochric A horizon
35-150 cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	strongly humic

0-35 cm	ochric A horizon
35-150 cm	cambic B horizon

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Dystropept perudic fine-loamy kaolinitic isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	0.1	0.9	3.7	3.2	2.2	10.1	24.1	26.3	50.4	39.5
10-35	-	0.2	3.2	13.2	14.2	13.3	44.1	13.2	14.7	27.9	28.1
35-70	-	0.3	3.5	15.4	16.9	12.9	49.0	9.7	9.9	19.6	31.5
70-100	-	0.2	3.8	18.1	19.5	11.0	52.6	8.7	10.3	19.0	28.5
100-150	-	0.2	3.5	18.2	21.1	11.0	54.0	9.4	7.2	16.6	29.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	39.5
10-35	-	-	-	-	28.1
35-70	-	-	-	-	31.5
70-100	-	-	-	-	28.5
100-150	-	-	-	-	29.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	4.4	3.7	0.12	-	2.91	0.21	14	4.4	3.9	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.6
10-35	4.5	3.9	0.06	-	1.05	0.11	10	5.3	4.6	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2
35-70	4.6	3.9	0.08	-	0.35	0.05	7	5.1	4.6	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
70-100	4.6	3.9	0.04	-	0.21	0.03	7	4.9	4.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100-150	4.7	3.9	0.04	-	0.11	0.03	4	5.7	5.3	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	4	14.7	37	10.2	-	27	1
10-35	2	11.7	42	3.7	-	39	1
35-70	1	9.9	31	1.2	-	46	0
70-100	0	9.0	32	0.7	-	49	0
100-150	4	7.1	24	0.4	-	75	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	0.40	0.20	-	-	-	0.20
10-35	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	0.50	0.20	-	-	-	0.30
35-70	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.40	0.10	-	-	-	0.10
70-100	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.40	0.10	-	-	-	0.10
100-150	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	0.00

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	medium to strong	very weak	weak	weak
10-35	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	medium to strong	very weak	weak	weak
35-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	medium to strong	-	weak	weak
70-100	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	medium to strong	-	weak	-
100-150	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak	medium to strong	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-10 cm	(10YR 4/4, moist)clay,weak fine and medium subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,common fine pores and common pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
AB(E) 10-35 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)clay,weak fine and medium subangular blocky,common fine pores and common pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bw1(E) 35-70 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist)clay,porous massive,friable sticky plastic,few medium distinct sharp mottles (2.5 YR 5/6),common fine pores and common pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bw2 70-100 cm	reddish yellow (5YR 6/6, moist)clay,weak fine angular blocky to porous massive,friable sticky plastic,common pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
100-150 cm	red (2.5YR 5/6, moist)clay,weak fine angular blocky to porous massive,common coarse distinct sharp mottles (2.5 Y 7/0),common pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sedimentary rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	unconsolidated, unspecified
Remarks on Parent Materials	Quaternary-Pliocene quartz and chert in matrix of sandy clay
Texture of parent material	clayey

Major crops	banana
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: LANDUSE: The tropical rainforest (bosque alto bien desarrollado sobre superficies dissectadas con poco presencia de palinas) is partly cleared for the cultivation of banana and cassava; a fallow of 1 year is a
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop with current fallow

Altitude	210m
Physiographic Unit	shoulder of small colline
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	18%
Slope Aspect	south
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	steeply dissected

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

You are here

Reference soil Colombia 04: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CO004: Cambisols

Classification