Reference soil Colombia 17: Fluvisol

CO017

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CO017: Fluvisols

PHYSIOGRAPHY: Site approximately 4 meter above river-level. POSITION OF SITE: River cut in terrace, causing small scarp. VEGETATION AND LAND USE: The original riverine tropical rainforest has been cleared for cultivation. No fertilizers are used. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ap & A11: also few coarse roots.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Endogleyic- Fluvisol (Hypereutric)

Hypereutri-Endogleyic- Fluvisol

fluvic

0-79 cm	ochric horizon
-	fluvic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Eutric Fluvisol

Eutric Fluvisol

0-79 cm	ochric A horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	fluvic

0-79 cm

ochric A horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Aeric Fluvaquent
USDA-SCS (1975)	Aeric Fluvaquent udic coarse-loamy mixed isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-12	-	0.1	0.1	0.2	30.9	43.7	75.0	13.9	7.9	21.8	3.3
12-19	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.7	19.0	21.0	28.5	37.7	66.2	12.9
19-43	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.3	35.2	36.6	36.1	21.0	57.1	6.3
43-54	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.3	12.4	13.7	52.1	25.6	77.7	8.5
54-79	-	0.1	0.0	0.1	6.0	52.1	58.3	24.3	12.4	36.7	5.1
79-86	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	4.3	7.0	11.5	33.8	42.5	76.3	12.2
86-100	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	14.9	47.1	62.1	21.6	11.1	32.7	5.3
100-103	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.2	26.6	28.9	33.8	28.6	62.4	8.9
103-117	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	5.2	43.3	48.7	29.3	14.9	44.2	7.3
117-121	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.9	14.1	15.1	36.9	35.8	72.7	12.3
121-134	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	12.2	47.9	60.1	23.5	11.2	34.7	5.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-12	0.920	-	-	-	3.3
12-19	-	-	-	-	12.9
19-43	1.220	-	-	-	6.3
43-54	-	-	-	-	8.5
54-79	1.220	-	-	-	5.1
79-86	-	-	-	-	12.2
86-100	-	-	-	-	5.3
100-103	1.270	-	-	-	8.9
103-117	-	-	-	-	7.3
117-121	-	-	-	-	12.3
121-134	-	-	-	-	5.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-12	0.920	62.0	58.4	53.2	44.2	37.2	31.2	0.2	0.1
19-43	1.220	49.4	48.5	45.5	35.6	23.9	17.8	3.7	3.4
54-79	1.220	49.9	48.3	45.9	28.9	15.2	11.1	1.5	1.3
100-103	1.270	51.6	50.5	47.9	35.2	20.6	15.1	6.3	6.0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-12	6.1	5.1	0.13	-	0.27	0.03	9	-	-	1.6	0.6	0.2	0.0	2.4
12-19	5.6	4.8	0.20	-	1.76	0.16	11	-	-	5.0	1.2	0.1	0.4	6.7
19-43	6.1	5.1	0.07	-	0.30	0.05	6	-	-	2.4	0.7	0.1	0.0	3.2
43-54	5.9	4.9	0.15	-	0.28	0.04	7	-	-	3.0	0.7	0.1	0.0	3.8
54-79	6.0	4.8	0.05	-	0.15	-	-	-	-	2.0	0.7	0.1	0.0	2.8
79-86	6.2	4.9	0.06	-	0.34	-	-	-	-	4.8	1.6	0.2	0.0	6.6
86-100	6.4	4.9	0.04	-	0.14	-	-	-	-	2.4	0.8	0.1	0.1	3.4
100-103	6.5	5.1	0.04	-	2.60	-	-	-	-	4.4	1.3	0.1	0.1	5.9
103-117	6.4	5.1	0.12	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	2.8	0.9	0.1	0.0	3.8
117-121	6.7	5.1	0.04	-	0.29	-	-	-	-	5.2	1.5	0.2	0.2	7.1
121-134	6.7	5.1	0.02	-	0.15	-	-	-	-	3.4	0.8	0.1	0.2	4.5

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-12	96	2.5	76	0.9	-	-	0
12-19	89	7.5	58	6.2	-	-	5
19-43	97	3.3	52	1.1	-	-	0
43-54	97	3.9	46	1.0	-	-	0
54-79	100	2.8	55	0.5	-	-	0
79-86	127	5.2	43	1.2	-	-	0
86-100	126	2.7	51	0.5	-	-	4
100-103	134	4.4	49	9.1	-	-	2
103-117	112	3.4	47	0.7	-	-	0
117-121	137	5.2	42	1.0	-	-	4
121-134	161	2.8	54	0.5	-	-	7

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-12	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	0	-	0.20
12-19	-	0	-	0.10	0.00	0.90	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
19-43	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	-	0	-	0.30
43-54	-	0	-	0.10	0.00	0.80	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
54-79	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	-	0	-	0.20
79-86	-	0	-	0.10	0.00	1.10	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
86-100	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	-	0	-	0.20
100-103	-	0	-	0.10	0.00	1.00	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
103-117	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	-	0	-	0.20
117-121	-	0	-	0.10	0.00	1.00	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
121-134	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	0	-	0.20

Profile description

Ap 0-12 cm	weak red (2.5YR 4/2, moist)loamy sand,weak single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,few fine faint sharp mottles (5 YR 4/6),many medium pores and many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah1 12-19 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)silt loam,very weak fine crumb to porous massive,very friable sticky plastic,common fine distinct sharp mottles (5 YR 4/6),many medium pores and many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah2 19-43 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)loam,single grain,loose sticky very plastic,common medium faint sharp mottles (10 YR 5/2),many medium pores and many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah3 43-54 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)silty clay loam,very weak fine crumb to porous massive,very friable sticky plastic,common medium faint sharp mottles (10 YR 5/3),common many medium pores and common many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah4 54-79 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)sandy loam,single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,common medium faint sharp mottles (10 YR 5/1),common many medium pores and common many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
AC1 79-86 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)silty clay loam,very weak crumb to porous massive,very friable sticky plastic,common fine distinct sharp mottles (7.5 YR 4/4),common many coarse pores and common many pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
AC2 86-100 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)sandy loam,single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,common medium distinct sharp mottles (10 YR 6/1),common medium pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
AC3 100-103 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)loam,porous massive,loose very friable sticky plastic,common medium distinct sharp mottles (10 YR 6/1),common medium pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
AC4 103-117 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)sandy loam,single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,common medium distinct sharp mottles (7.5 YR 5/6),abrupt wavy boundary to,
AC5 117-121 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)loam,
AC6 121-134 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)sandy loam,
AC7 134-138 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)loam,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Texture of parent material	loamy

Major crops	maize
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	low level arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Original riverine tropical rainforest has been cleared for cultivation LANDUSE: Also yuca, bixa, cacao, coffee and plantain; no fertilizers are used

Altitude	250m
Physiographic Unit	island in river; site about 4m above river level
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	0%
Slope Aspect	north-west
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	yearly
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	flooded
Moist From - To	0-138cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Colombia 17: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CO017: Fluvisols

Classification