Reference soil Cuba 02: Luvisol

CU002

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU002: Luvisols

Short field description: Deep, moderately well drained, yellowish brown, clay. Subsoil is mottled. The soil show slickensides in the subsoil. This site was cultivated with rice before 1979; now the sugarcane variety is Ja 60-5, age 19 months, first ratoon. Geology: Pleistocene, Guevarra Formation: variegated clays and clayey sand with gravels, sometimes guijarros. Geomorphology: fluvio-marine plain, plain, slightly undulated and undulated deltaics.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Calcic-Stagnic-Cutanic- Luvisol (Hyposodic Clayic)

Endostagni-Hypocalcic- Luvisol (Hyposodic)

15-140 cm	argic horizon
-	secondary carbonates
-	stagnic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions

0-15 cm	ochric horizon
15-140 cm	argic horizon
-	secondary carbonates
-	stagnic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Hyposodi-Haplic Luvisol

Orthic Luvisol sodic

0-15 cm	ochric A horizon
15-140 cm	argic B horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

0-15 cm	ochric A horizon
15-140 cm	argillic B horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon

Local classification:	Ferralitico cuarcitico

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ustropept ustic clayey mixed isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	3.0	1.8	3.7	12.8	9.9	31.2	14.4	24.8	39.2	30.4
15-40	-	3.4	2.5	3.1	9.8	9.0	27.8	13.5	16.9	30.4	41.7
40-75	-	4.9	3.2	3.6	9.6	8.3	29.6	11.2	17.0	28.2	42.2
75-105	-	3.7	2.2	3.7	9.7	8.8	28.1	12.0	17.1	29.1	42.9
105-140	-	3.4	3.1	5.5	11.3	9.3	32.6	10.2	17.3	27.5	40.0
140-190	-	0.8	1.6	5.9	18.2	12.1	38.6	9.3	14.5	23.8	37.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	19.3	30.4
15-40	-	-	-	26.4	41.7
40-75	-	-	-	27.3	42.2
75-105	-	-	-	29.5	42.9
105-140	-	-	-	31.1	40.0
140-190	-	-	-	29.9	37.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	6.6	5.7	0.34	1.1	1.56	0.13	12	-	-	12.6	2.1	0.5	0.1	15.3
15-40	5.8	4.4	0.18	-	0.58	0.08	7	-	-	15.4	2.4	0.2	0.5	18.5
40-75	5.3	4.1	0.48	-	0.27	-	-	-	-	17.0	1.7	0.2	1.2	20.1
75-105	8.0	7.1	0.77	4.1	0.13	-	-	-	-	30.5	1.7	0.1	1.9	34.2
105-140	8.1	7.3	0.85	4.7	0.10	-	-	-	-	37.5	2.1	0.2	3.1	42.9
140-190	8.2	7.3	0.84	3.1	0.02	-	-	-	-	24.0	2.3	0.2	3.2	29.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	114	13.4	27	5.5	-	-	1
15-40	108	17.2	37	2.0	-	-	3
40-75	116	17.4	39	0.9	-	-	7
75-105	179	19.1	45	0.5	-	-	10
105-140	234	18.3	47	0.4	-	-	17
140-190	168	17.7	48	0.1	-	-	18

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	0.08	0.03	2.38	0.18	-	-	-	0.47
15-40	-	-	-	0.13	0.00	3.29	0.31	-	-	-	0.36
40-75	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	3.42	0.28	-	-	-	0.31
75-105	-	-	-	0.08	0.03	2.53	0.19	-	-	-	0.15
105-140	-	-	-	0.05	0.05	2.17	0.22	-	-	-	0.10
140-190	-	-	-	0.05	0.03	2.51	0.28	-	-	-	0.05

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-15	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-
15-40	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	strong	-
40-75	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-
75-105	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	medium to strong	strong	-
105-140	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-
140-190	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	very strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-15 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent worm channels,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bw 15-75 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)clay,moderate very coarse subangular blocky parting to moderate medium subangular blocky,firm sticky plastic,many medium prominent clear mottles (10YR 6/6),no cutans,common very fine pores and few pores,very few medium spherical hard manganiferous concretions,no fragments,few worm channels,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Btkc 75-140 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)clay,moderate coarse angular blocky,firm sticky very plastic,few fine distinct clear mottles (10YR 5/2),patchy moderately thick distinct on pedfaces cutans,few fine pores,few large irregular hard calcareous concretions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Cg 140-190 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)sandy clay,weak to moderate coarse angular blocky,friable sticky plastic,many coarse prominent clear mottles (10YR 6/2),no cutans,few very fine pores,no inclusions,no fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Pleistocene Guevarra Formation
Soil Depth	150cm
Texture of parent material	sandy clay
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy clay

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Major crops	sugar cane
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous woodland

Altitude	20m
Physiographic Unit	flat or almost flat
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	marine terrace
Slope	0%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	140cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Dry From - To	0-5cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	5-200cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	75cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Cuba 02: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU002: Luvisols

Classification