Reference soil Cuba 07: Ferralsol

CU007

Ferralsols occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, mainly on old and stable land surfaces.

Characteristics

Soils having a ferralic horizon (strongly weathered horizon with low-activity clays and very low amounts of weatherable minerals) between 25 and 200 cm from the soil surface. They lack a nitic horizon (a horizon with strongly developed, nut-shaped structure) and do not have a layer which fulfils the requirements of an argic horizon and which has, in the upper 30 cm, 10 percent or more water-dispersible clay.

Distribution of Ferralsols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU007: Ferralsols

Short field description: Very deep, well drained, red clay. Well structured, with small iron concretions. Geology: Neogene Era. mid-higher Miocene. Guines Formation: clays, marl, limestones and dolomitic. Geomorphology: marine plains, abrasive and accumulative abrasive, undulated and nearly plain.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Ferralsol (Hypereutric Clayic)

Hypereutric- Ferralsol

16-150 cm

ferralic horizon

0-16 cm	ochric horizon
16-150 cm	ferralic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Eutri-Haplic Ferralsol

Orthic Ferralsol

0-16 cm	ochric A horizon
16-150 cm	ferralic B horizon
- cm	ferralic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

0-16 cm	ochric A horizon
16-150 cm	oxic B horizon

Local classification:	Ferralitico rojo tipico

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Eutrustox
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Eutrustox ustic clayey kaolinitic isohyperthermic

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-16	-	1.0	5.1	6.8	6.3	4.7	23.9	5.3	5.3	10.6	65.6
16-35	-	1.3	5.2	6.5	6.1	4.4	23.5	3.9	4.2	8.1	68.4
35-75	-	5.1	5.2	4.8	4.5	3.4	23	4.3	3.0	7.3	69.7
75-150	-	6.9	6.7	4.4	4.3	3.3	25.6	4.2	3.7	7.9	66.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-5	1.127	-	-	-	-
0-16	-	-	-	-	65.6
6-21	1.314	-	-	-	-
16-35	-	-	-	-	68.4
35-40	1.483	-	-	-	-
35-75	-	-	-	-	69.7
75-150	-	-	-	-	66.5
90-95	1.564	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-5	1.127	51.7	50.8	40.9	34.2	33.2	29.8	25.0	21.9
6-21	1.314	47.2	46.2	42.9	38.4	37.6	34.7	31.0	29.7
35-40	1.483	46.9	43.9	43.2	41.8	41.0	38.6	34.8	32.5
90-95	1.564	44.7	44.2	43.4	41.8	41.0	39.1	35.0	34.3

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-16	6.7	5.6	0.10	1.0	1.56	0.17	9	-	-	8.0	2.7	0.5	0.0	11.2
16-35	7.0	6.0	0.09	1.0	1.31	0.16	8	-	-	8.2	2.5	0.1	0.1	10.9
35-75	7.3	6.3	0.07	0.7	0.63	0.10	-	-	-	6.4	1.8	0.1	0.1	8.4
75-150	7.4	6.5	0.10	0.8	0.13	-	-	-	-	7.2	1.3	0.0	0.2	8.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-16	93	12.0	10	5.5	-	-	0
16-35	96	11.3	10	4.6	-	-	1
35-75	95	8.8	10	2.2	-	-	1
75-150	99	8.8	13	0.5	-	-	2

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-16	-	-	-	0.15	0.03	5.60	0.36	-	-	-	0.13
16-35	-	-	-	0.16	0.03	5.77	0.33	-	-	-	0.13
35-75	-	-	-	0.15	0.03	5.57	0.40	-	-	-	0.15
75-150	-	-	-	0.13	0.05	5.66	0.37	-	-	-	0.15

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-16	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	strong	very weak	-	-	-	-
16-35	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	strong	very weak	-	-	-	-
35-75	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	-	-	-
75-150	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-16 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,moderate medium and coarse granular,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores highly porous (>60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
B 16-35 cm	dark red (2.5YR 3/6, moist)clay,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,many fine pores and few pores highly porous (>60 vol%),few small spherical hard ferruginous concretions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bo1 35-75 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,very firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores,frequent medium spherical hard ferruginous concretions,no fragments,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bo2 75-150 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),frequent medium spherical hard ferruginous concretions,no fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mid-late Miocene, Guines Formation
Soil Depth	150cm
Texture of parent material	clayey

Major crops	sugar cane
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	seasonally irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	shrub

Altitude	25m
Physiographic Unit	flat or almost flat
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	peneplain
Slope	0%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

You are here

Reference soil Cuba 07: Ferralsol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU007: Ferralsols

Classification