Reference soil Cuba 08: Cambisol

CU008

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU008: Cambisols

Short field description: Moderately deep, well drained, light brown clay. Flagstone of flattened hard rock are present in the soil from 120 cm and deeper. Variety: Cu 323 68, plant ratoon-yield 150 ton/ha, first and second ratoon 120 ton/ha, third and fourth ratoon-100 ton/ha. Geology: Neogene Era, mid-higher undifferentiated Eocene. Bijabo formation: conglomerate, sandstone, limestone. Geomorphology: undulating erosive denudative plains.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Cambisol (Calcaric Clayic)

Calcaric- Cambisol

22-80 cm

cambic horizon

0-22 cm	ochric horizon
22-80 cm	cambic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Calcaric Cambisol

Calcic Cambisol

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
22-80 cm	cambic B horizon
-	calcareous

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
22-80 cm	cambic B horizon

Local classification:	Fersialitico pardo rojizo

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ustropept ustic clayey over loamy montmorillonitic (calcareous) isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-22	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	1.2	1.6	8.6	16.7	25.3	72.9
22-53	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	1.2	1.5	2.7	18.5	21.2	77.3
53-80	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.8	1.1	3.3	31.9	35.2	63.6
80-95	-	0.7	0.8	0.6	1.5	1.7	5.3	8.0	50.5	58.5	36.2
95-110	-	0.6	0.6	0.7	2.3	3.3	7.5	18.8	46.1	64.9	27.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-22	-	-	-	-	72.9
5-10	1.240	-	-	-	-
22-53	-	-	-	-	77.3
23-28	1.138	-	-	-	-
55-60	1.374	-	-	-	-
53-80	-	-	-	-	63.6
80-95	-	-	-	-	36.2
95-110	-	-	-	-	27.7

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
5-10	1.240	53.6	52.9	52.9	50.4	49.4	48.2	46.7	40.7
23-28	1.138	56.9	56.2	56.1	53.7	52.7	51.3	48.8	42.6
55-60	1.374	54.0	53.3	53.3	52.4	51.5	50.4	48.7	42.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-22	6.7	4.6	0.13	-	1.75	0.22	8	-	-	33.6	8.7	0.5	0.2	43.0
22-53	7.3	5.5	0.19	7.0	0.49	0.09	5	-	-	38.5	7.6	0.4	0.7	47.2
53-80	7.6	5.4	0.09	9.8	0.22	-	-	-	-	46.6	5.8	0.3	0.2	52.9
80-95	8.6	6.7	0.16	76.2	0.08	-	-	-	-	65.4	2.1	0.1	0.1	67.7
95-110	8.6	6.9	0.14	90.2	-	-	-	-	-	60.4	1.7	0.2	0.1	62.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-22	87	49.6	62	6.1	-	-	0
22-53	98	48.3	65	1.7	-	-	1
53-80	104	50.8	88	0.8	-	-	0
80-95	195	34.8	403	0.3	-	-	0
95-110	202	30.9	-	-	-	-	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-22	-	-	-	0.34	0.05	1.44	0.19	-	-	-	0.60
22-53	-	-	-	0.29	0.05	1.57	0.19	-	-	-	0.48
53-80	-	-	-	0.21	0.03	1.11	0.15	-	-	-	0.26
80-95	-	-	-	0.11	0.03	0.54	0.06	-	-	-	0.11
95-110	-	-	-	0.07	0.02	0.49	0.03	-	-	-	0.07

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-22	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	medium to strong	strong	-
22-53	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	medium to strong	very strong	-
53-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	medium to strong	very strong	-
80-95	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	strong	medium to strong	-
95-110	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	strong	medium to strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-22 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)clay loam,strong medium granular and strong coarse subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,few medium distinct clear mottles (10YR 4/4),no cutans,common fine pores and few pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent channels,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw 22-53 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)clay loam,strong coarse subangular blocky,very firm slightly sticky plastic,patchy thin clay throughout cutans,common fine pores and few pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent channels,gradual broken boundary to,
53-80 cm	(2.5Y 6/3, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky to moderate fine crumb,firm slightly sticky plastic,common medium distinct diffuse mottles (2.5Y 5/4),no cutans,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),frequent small spherical soft calcareous nodules,very few medium gravel weathered very few coarse gravel weathered fragments,frequent channels,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ck 80-95 cm	pale yellow (2.5Y 8/4, moist)sandy loam,structureless,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,few fine pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),few small spherical soft calcareous nodules,frequent coarse gravel weathered fragments,frequent channels,diffuse broken boundary to,
CRk 95-110 cm	(2.5Y 8/3, moist)medium sand,structureless,firm non sticky non plastic,no cutans,no pores,no inclusions,very frequent coarse gravel weathered fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	conglomerate
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mid-late Eocene, Bijabo Formation
Soil Depth	95cm
Texture of parent material	mixed
Texture of parent material (second entry)	mixed
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	not apparent
Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Soil erosion type	sheet
Slope stability	stable

Major crops	sugar cane
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	shrub

Altitude	80m
Physiographic Unit	undulating
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	low hill
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-110cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Surface cracking	small cracks (width less than 1 cm, or depth less than 50 cm)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	termite/ant mounds
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Cuba 08: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU008: Cambisols

Classification