Reference soil Cuba 1 Vertisol

CU001

Distribution of Vertisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Deep, poorly to imperfectly drained, grayish brown clay. The subsoil is strongly mottled, a wedge-shaped angular blocky structure and slickensides. Water table is present during the rainy season at a depth of about 50 to 100 cm (verbal communications). Geology: Quaternary Era, Pleistocene; Guevarra Formation: Clays and sandy clay. Geomorphology: marine plain and terrace, abrasive and accumulative abrasive, slightly ondulating. The poor drainage is somewhat compensated by the cultivation of sugarcane on machine prepared large ridges with a height of 40 to 50 cm

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Gleyic Vertisols (Hyposodic Chromic )

Chromic Hyposodi Vertisols

18-45 cm

cambic horizon

18-45 cm

cambic horizon

gleyic colour pattern horizon

105-200 cm

ferric horizon

reducing conditions horizon

0-18 cm

ochric horizon

45-200

vertic horizon

gleyic horizon

105-200

ferric horizon

45-200 cm

vertic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromic Vertisols phreatic

hydromorphic horizon

slickensides horizon

0-18 cm

ochric A horizon

18-45 cm

cambic B horizon

Local classification

Classification information	Gley Ferralítico Típico

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Ustic Endoaquert
USDA-SCS (1975)	Ustic Tropaquept aquic clayey montmorillonitic isohyperthermic

Location:

Provincia Habana, Municipio Melena del Sur, CAI "Gregorio Arlee Mañalich", Bloque 41, Campo 4006

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Clay % weight/weight	coarse sand % weight/weight	coarse silt % weight/weight	fine sand % weight/weight	fine silt % weight/weight	Gravel % volume/volume	medium sand % weight/weight	Total sand % weight/weight	Total silt % weight/weight	very coarse sand % weight/weight	very fine sand % weight/weight
0-18	64.7	0.7	7.5	1.4	21.6	-	0.6	6.3	29.1	1.1	2.5
18-45	75.6	1.3	6.9	1.2	11.6	-	0.7	6.1	18.5	0.8	2.1
45-75	68.0	1.5	12.4	1.8	11.7	-	1.0	7.9	24.1	1.0	2.6
75-105	72.7	1.4	11.4	1.5	9.1	-	1.0	6.8	20.5	0.7	2.2
105-175	78.1	0.6	6.6	0.9	11.3	-	0.6	4.1	17.9	0.4	1.6
175-200	60.7	0.6	5.7	8.6	11.4	-	10.5	22.3	17.1	0.0	2.6

Other

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Clay % weight/weight	COLE cm/cm	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	Water disp. clay %
0-18	-	64.7	-	-	44.3
18-45	-	75.6	-	-	49.2
45-75	-	68.0	-	-	45.4
75-105	-	72.7	-	-	35.9
105-175	-	78.1	-	-	1.1
175-200	-	60.7	-	-	57.9

Chemical characteristics

Depth (cm)	C % weight/weight	Ca cmol(c)/kg	CaCO3 % weight/weight	C / N unitless	EC 1: 2.5 mS/cm	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	N %	Na cmol(c)/kg	pH H2O unitless	pHKCl unitless	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-18	1.02	28.9	2.9	8	0.54	-	-	0.2	12.4	0.12	0.9	7.7	6.8	42.4
18-45	0.55	23.6	-	8	0.52	0.4	0.2	0.2	10.5	0.07	2.1	5.4	4.3	36.4
45-75	0.43	17.8	-	-	0.57	5.7	4.2	0.2	8.8	-	2.4	4.4	3.3	29.2
75-105	0.42	18.4	-	-	0.62	4.3	3.1	0.3	9.9	-	4.2	4.5	3.4	32.8
105-175	0.40	21.0	-	-	0.69	3.9	2.4	0.2	12.4	-	5.0	4.6	3.4	38.6
175-200	0.14	22.8	-	-	0.79	-	-	0.2	14.4	-	6.0	6.1	4.8	43.4

Depth (cm)	Al sat. %	Base sat. %	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	ESP %
0-18	-	111	56	3.6	38.3	-	2
18-45	1	102	45	1.9	35.7	-	6
45-75	12	85	49	1.5	34.3	-	8
75-105	8	85	51	1.5	38.4	-	10
105-175	6	91	53	1.4	42.3	-	12
175-200	-	104	68	0.5	41.7	-	14

Depth (cm)	Al d % weight/weight	Al o % weight/weight	Al p % weight/weight	C p % weight/weight	Fe d % weight/weight	Fe o % weight/weight	Fe p % weight/weight	ODOE unitless	pH NaF unitless	P Retention %	Si o % weight/weight
0-18	0.32	0.18	-	-	4.34	0.55	-	-	-	-	0.13
18-45	0.26	0.21	-	-	3.81	0.32	-	-	-	-	0.03
45-75	0.23	0.19	-	-	3.58	0.24	-	-	-	-	0.03
75-105	0.22	0.19	-	-	3.38	0.29	-	-	-	-	0.03
105-175	0.26	0.23	-	-	2.87	0.28	-	-	-	-	0.03
175-200	0.20	0.16	-	-	2.22	0.18	-	-	-	-	0.05

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Depth (cm)	Chlorite unitless	Feldspar unitless	Gibbsite unitless	Goethite unitless	Halloysite unitless	Hematite unitless	Kaolinite unitless	Mica / illite unitless	Mixed-layer unitless	Quartz unitless	Smec unitless	Vermiculite unitless
0-18	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	very strong	-
18-45	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	very strong	-
45-75	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	-	-	very weak	very strong	-
75-105	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very weak	very strong	-
105-175	-	-	-	very weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very weak	very strong	-
175-200	-	-	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very weak	very strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-18 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)clay,moderate coarse angular blocky and moderate medium crumb,very sticky very plastic,no cutans,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent channels,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw 18-45 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)clay,strong medium angular blocky,WS very friable,many fine distinct diffuse mottles (7.5YR 5/6),no cutans,very few small spherical hard ferruginous concretions,no fragments,frequent channels,gradual smooth boundary to,
Cgi1 45-105 cm	grey (10YR 5/1, moist)clay,strong coarse wedge-shaped angular blocky,WS P,common medium prominent clear mottles (10R 4/6),continuous thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores,no inclusions,no fragments,few channels,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Cgi2 105-175 cm	(10YR 5/1.5, moist)clay,moderate very coarse wedge-shaped angular blocky,WS very plastic,many coarse prominent clear mottles (2.5YR 4/8),continuous thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores,no inclusions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Ci 175-200 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)clay,moderate very coarse wedge-shaped angular blocky,very sticky very plastic,many coarse prominent clear mottles (10YR 5/1),continuous thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,

Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey
Remarks on Parent Materials	Pleistocene Guevarra Formation
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	claystone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Texture of parent material	clayey
Soil Depth	100cm

Major crops	sugar cane
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	dwarf shrub
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	seasonally irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming

Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat
Slope	0%
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Altitude	8m
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Physiographic Unit	flat or almost flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	marine terrace

Moist From - To	0-200cm
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Depth to groundwater table	300cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	irregular
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	300cm
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	50cm

Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	levees (artificial)
Microrelief pattern	linear
Microrelief Height: variation in height	45
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface cracking	small cracks (width less than 1 cm, or depth less than 50 cm)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed

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Reference soil Cuba 1 Vertisol