Reference soil Cuba 14: Calcisol

CU014

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU014: Calcisols

Short field description Moderately deep, well drained, brown clay. Small surface cracks, (sub)angular blocky structure, with weathered calcareous fragments. Geology: mid-lower Miocene, formation 'Vazquez': marls, limestones, clays. Geomorphology: marine plain and terrace, abrasive, erosive and undulating.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Calcisol (Endoskeletic)

Haplic- Calcisol

20-66 cm	cambic horizon
66-90 cm	calcic horizon
-	secondary carbonates

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
20-66 cm	cambic horizon
66-90 cm	calcic horizon
-	secondary carbonates

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Cambisol

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-66 cm	cambic B horizon
66-90 cm	calcic horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	soft powdery lime

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-66 cm	cambic B horizon
66-90 cm	calcic horizon
-	soft powdery lime

Local classification:	Pardo con carbonato

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Eutropept ustic montmorillonitic (calcareous) isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	0.7	1.3	2.3	4.7	4.2	13.2	8.1	14.5	22.6	64.2
20-45	-	0.9	1.5	2.2	4.5	4.0	13.1	8.4	13.4	21.8	65.2
45-66	-	4.0	8.1	10.1	14.0	8.3	44.5	13.1	18.8	31.9	23.6
66-90	-	1.7	6.5	9.8	14.1	8.9	41	12.2	19.4	31.6	27.4
90-150	-	4.7	7.7	11.3	16.0	9.9	49.6	11.7	16.3	28.0	22.3

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	0.920	-	-	35.4	64.2
20-45	1.000	-	-	40.8	65.2
45-66	1.540	-	-	14.3	23.6
66-90	-	-	-	15.2	27.4
90-150	-	-	-	12.4	22.3

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-20	0.920	62.5	61.2	56.2	48.6	46.4	44.4	37.2	30.4
20-45	1.000	59.7	58.5	54.6	51.5	50.4	49.2	42.6	36.0
45-66	1.540	39.9	39.0	35.1	30.3	28.5	26.9	26.3	25.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	7.0	6.7	0.29	6.0	1.98	0.30	7	-	-	80.6	10.1	0.6	0.9	92.2
20-45	8.2	6.8	0.26	5.0	0.98	0.17	5	-	-	97.2	12.4	0.4	1.0	111.0
45-66	8.4	6.8	0.15	14.6	0.24	0.03	8	-	-	89.8	10.9	0.2	3.2	104.1
66-90	8.5	7.2	0.28	47.8	0.20	0.03	7	-	-	71.8	14.8	0.1	1.5	88.2
90-150	8.6	7.1	0.22	31.2	0.13	0.01	13	-	-	59.9	15.6	0.1	1.8	77.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	135	68.4	106	6.9	-	-	1
20-45	152	73.2	115	3.4	-	-	1
45-66	149	70.0	345	0.8	-	-	5
66-90	186	47.3	328	0.7	-	-	3
90-150	148	52.2	339	0.5	-	-	3

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak	-	very weak	very strong	-
20-45	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak	-	very weak	very strong	-
45-66	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak	-	-	very strong	-
66-90	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak	-	-	very strong	-
90-150	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak	-	-	very strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay,strong fine and medium granular and strong medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,many fine pores and common pores highly porous (>60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,few channels and worm channels,clear irregular boundary to,
B 20-45 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)clay,strong medium granular and strong medium subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky plastic,common fine pores and few pores highly porous (>60 vol%),few channels and worm channels,clear irregular boundary to,
CB 45-66 cm	light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4, moist)loam slightly gravelly,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,common fine pores and common pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),frequent medium gravel weathered calcareo fragments,gradual irregular boundary to,
C 66-90 cm	white (2.5Y 8/2, moist)loam slightly gravelly,massive,very firm non sticky non plastic,common fine pores and common pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),frequent medium gravel weathered calcareo fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
90-150 cm	light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6, moist)granular stony,massive,very firm non sticky non plastic,no pores,very frequent coarse gravel strongly weathered calcareo fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	calcareous
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mid-early Miocene, Vazquez Formation, marl, kimestone and clays
Soil Depth	100cm
Texture of parent material	loamy

Major crops	sugar cane
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	dwarf shrub

Altitude	40m
Physiographic Unit	undulating
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	undulating
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	80cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	65cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Surface cracking	small cracks (width less than 1 cm, or depth less than 50 cm)
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Cuba 14: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU014: Calcisols

Classification