Reference soil Cuba 17: Calcisol

CU017

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU017: Calcisols

Short field description: Moderately deep, well drained, dark brown clay. Small surface cracks, (sub)angular blocky structure, very porous, frequent hard calcareous nodules. Geology: midle-high Eocene. Unit A: sandstones, marls, limestones and conglomerate. Geomorphology: pre-mountainous, slightly dissected.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Calcisol (Ruptic Siltic Clayic)

Haplic- Calcisol

20-50 cm	cambic horizon
50-180 cm	calcic horizon
-	secondary carbonates
-	lithological discontinuity

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
20-50 cm	cambic horizon
50-180 cm	calcic horizon
-	secondary carbonates

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Cambisol

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-50 cm	cambic B horizon
50-180 cm	calcic horizon

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-50 cm	cambic B horizon
50-180 cm	calcic horizon

Local classification:	Pardo con carbonato tipico

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Eutropept ustic clayey montmorillonitic (calcareous) isohyperthermic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	2.2	8.4	10.8	10.9	17.6	28.5	60.8
20-50	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	2.2	9.3	11.8	13.2	15.8	29.0	59.2
50-80	-	0.6	0.6	0.4	6.4	17.1	25.1	22.3	27.5	49.8	25.2
80-130	-	0.0	0.0	0.2	5.7	18.3	24.2	19.6	22.6	42.2	33.5
130-180	-	0.0	0.0	0.3	12.5	28.2	41	22.1	21.7	43.8	15.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	1.050	-	-	11.7	60.8
20-50	1.210	-	-	21.5	59.2
50-80	1.360	-	-	8.0	25.2
80-130	1.460	-	-	15.4	33.5
130-180	-	-	-	6.2	15.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-20	1.050	58.2	55.9	50.8	46.3	44.9	43.5	35.8	27.2
20-50	1.210	55.4	52.9	49.2	46.5	45.4	44.2	40.1	31.0
50-80	1.360	46.2	45.6	42.6	37.9	35.6	32.7	22.3	18.5
80-130	1.460	41.3	41.3	38.8	34.9	32.6	30.0	28.8	18.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	7.6	6.6	0.40	4.2	2.39	0.32	7	-	-	52.4	6.8	0.8	1.0	61.0
20-50	7.7	6.7	0.29	4.4	1.26	0.22	6	-	-	55.8	4.0	0.5	0.2	60.5
50-80	8.4	7.2	0.15	52.2	0.19	0.03	6	-	-	63.1	2.1	0.1	0.2	65.5
80-130	8.3	7.1	0.16	49.0	0.38	0.04	10	-	-	63.1	1.7	0.1	0.3	65.2
130-180	8.5	7.3	0.17	26.0	0.08	0.03	3	-	-	62.3	5.8	0.1	0.4	68.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	119	51.2	77	8.4	-	-	2
20-50	124	48.8	81	4.4	-	-	0
50-80	-	19.9	161	0.7	-	-	1
80-130	-	19.4	107	1.3	-	-	2
130-180	-	22.2	195	0.3	-	-	2

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
20-50	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
50-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
80-130	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
130-180	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)clay,strong fine and medium granular and strong medium subangular blocky,slightly hard firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores highly porous (>60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent worm channels and channels,clear irregular boundary to,
B 20-50 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)clay,strong fine and medium granular and strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,hard firm slightly sticky plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores highly porous (>60 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,frequent worm channels and channels,clear irregular boundary to,
CB 50-80 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/4, moist)loam,weak irregular,soft friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,many fine pores and common pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),frequent medium spherical hard calcareous nodules frequent medium irregular hard calcareous nodules,few coarse gravel strongly weathered fragments,abrupt smooth boundary to,
CRk 80-130 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/4, moist)loam slightly stony,irregular and rock,slightly hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and common pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),very frequent medium spherical hard calcareous nodules very frequent medium irregular hard calcareous nodules,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
R 130-180 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)loamy coarse sand very stony,rock,very hard firm non sticky non plastic,no cutans,no pores,frequent medium spherical hard calcareous nodules frequent medium irregular hard calcareous nodules,dominant coarse gravel strongly weathered fragments,

Depth1	50cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sandstone
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	colluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mid-late Eocene, Unit A, sandstone, marl, limestone and conglomerate
Soil Depth	60cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Intensity of the soil erosion type	moderate
Soil erosion type	rill
Slope stability	locally unstable

Major crops	sugar cane
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	degraded
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	dwarf shrub

Altitude	105m
Physiographic Unit	strongly undulating
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	low hill
Slope	9%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	complex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-180cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Average size of stone	15
Surface cracking	small cracks (width less than 1 cm, or depth less than 50 cm)
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Shape of stones (on average)	platy or flat
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very few stones

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Reference soil Cuba 17: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU017: Calcisols

Classification