Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 3: Acrisol

CI003

A very deep (125-180 cm), well drained, yellowish brown, very gravelly clay soil with plinthite starting between a depth of 50 to 80 cm. Surface is an irregular forest floor with few termite mounds and high biological activity (termites, earthworms) PARENT ROCK: Hard, rich in biotite, with a high mineralogical content of kaolinite, iron and aluminium (hydr-)oxides. Precambrian basement system. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: A - also many coarse roots. Black patina on gravel. BA - colour interior nodules: 2.5YR3/4. Black patina on gravel. Btoc - colour interior nodules: 2.5YR3/4. 2Btv - mottles and nodules: plinthite. Cutans: also clay-humus cutans in big pores.

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Plinthic Cutanic Vetic Acrisol(Ferric Hyperdystric Profondic)

Veti- Plinthic Acrisol(Hyperferric Hyperdystric)

11-150 cm argic horizon
11-65 cm ferric horizon
65-150 cm plinthic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Veti-

Plinthic Acrisol

skeletic phase

Plinthic Acrisol

petric phase

1-11 cm ochric A horizon
11-150 cm argic B horizon
65-150 cm ferralic B horizon
plinthite

1-11 cm ochric A horizon
11-150 cm argillic B horizon
65-150 cm oxic B horizon
plinthite

Location:

Tai Forest Reserve, parcelle Fred vooren, midslope

Physical

Depth (cm)	Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	3	3.3	4.2	21.2	36.6	13.9	79.2	8.8	3.0	11.8	9.2
11-20	56	6.1	3.1	16.0	32.2	13.8	71.2	9.2	4.0	13.2	15.7
20-60	70	7.7	4.1	9.1	15.8	8.3	45	6.7	6.6	13.3	41.7
100-130	-	2.6	2.6	5.8	9.9	4.7	25.6	9.3	16.6	25.9	48.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
5-10	1.48	39.4	35.6	28.5	21.4	18.2	15.4	9.2	8.4	-
100-120	1.44	45.0	43.2	41.5	39.2	38.2	37.0	1.4	27.7	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	-	-	-	2.4	9.2
11-20	-	-	-	5.8	15.7
20-60	-	-	-	28.1	41.7
100-130	-	-	-	0.5	48.4

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-1	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	:	4.5	3.6	0.29	-	1.78	0.09	20	1.1	0.7	0.6	0.2	0.1	0.1	1
11-20	:	4.7	3.8	0.03	-	0.89	0.08	11	1.3	0.9	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.5
20-60	:	5.1	3.9	0.03	-	0.91	0.07	13	1.1	0.7	0.4	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.6
100-130	:	5.0	3.9	0.02	-	0.43	0.03	14	1.3	0.9	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.7

Depth (cm)	CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	6.2	-	6.2	-	16	-	2
11-20	4.7	-	3.1	-	11	-	2
20-60	7.5	-	3.2	-	8	-	1
100-130	6.2	-	1.5	-	11	-	2

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	-	-	-	-	0.11	0.05	0.01	1.80	0.16	-	-	-
11-20	-	-	-	-	0.21	0.07	0.01	1.39	0.20	-	-	-
20-60	-	-	-	-	0.26	0.12	0.01	3.85	0.56	-	-	-
100-130	-	-	-	-	0.23	0.14	0.03	5.43	0.64	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	40.1	34.2	9.5	0.00	0.16	0.08	-	1.37
11-20	40.6	34.1	9.4	0.00	0.19	0.19	-	1.38
20-60	40.5	35.3	10.2	0.02	0.12	0.13	-	1.39
100-130	38.3	34.2	11.4	0.00	0.12	0.11	-	1.37

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	88.4	3.4	2.2	0.00	0.05	0.03	-	0.31
11-20	84.4	6.0	4.0	0.00	0.06	0.03	-	0.49
20-60	64.8	16.5	8.6	0.02	0.09	0.07	-	0.96
100-130	52.5	22.9	12.0	0.00	0.08	0.06	-	1.11

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	88.4	3.4	2.2	0.00	0.05	0.03	-	0.31
11-20	84.4	6.0	4.0	0.00	0.06	0.03	-	0.49
20-60	64.8	16.5	8.6	0.02	0.09	0.07	-	0.96
100-130	52.5	22.9	12.0	0.00	0.08	0.06	-	1.11

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	LOI (wt%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	0.01	0.01	3.8	44.1	106.8	31.2	2.4
11-20	0.01	0.02	4.0	23.9	56.1	16.7	2.3
20-60	0.01	0.02	8.2	6.7	20.1	5.0	3.0
100-130	0.01	0.02	9.9	3.9	11.6	2.9	3

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	very strong	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
11-20	very strong	-	very weak to weak	weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
20-60	very strong	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-
100-130	very strong	-	very weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	weak	-

Profile description

Oa 0-1 cm	leaves highly decomposed, non calcareous, abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah 1-11 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist), slightly gravelly loamy sand, strong fine subangular blocky, very friable non sticky non plastic, many micro to medium tubular pores and many micro to medium interstitial pores, many fine and many coarse roots, few medium spherical hard ferruginous nodules, non calcareous, clear smooth boundary to,
BA 11-25 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist), very gravelly sandy loam, moderate fine subangular blocky, very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, many very fine and fine tubular pores and many very fine and fine interstitial pores, few fine roots, very frequent medium spherical hard ferruginous nodules, non calcareous, gradual irregular boundary to,
Btoc 25-66 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist), very gravelly clay, moderate very fine and fine subangular and angular blocky, friable sticky plastic, patchy clay and sesquioxide cutans around nodules, many fine and medium tubular pores and many fine and medium interstitial pores, few fine roots, very frequent medium spherical hard ferruginous nodules, very few fine gravel weathered quartz fragments, non calcareous, clear irregular boundary to,
Btv 66-151 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist), slightly gravelly clay, weak to moderate very fine and fine angular blocky, friable sticky plastic, many (15-40%) coarse distinct clear mottles (2.5YR 3/6), patchy clay and sesquioxide cutans around nodules, many very fine and fine discontinuous exped and inped tubular poes and few medium and coarse exped interstitial pores, few fine roots, few medium spherical hard ferruginous nodules, very few medium gravel angular quartz fragments, continuous vesicular noncemented plinthite, non calcareous,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	metamorphic rock
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	clayey
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	Precambrian migmatite rich in biotite

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	splash
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	moderate
Occurrence of soil aggradation	present
Slope Stability

Current land use at the site	nature and game preservation
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Status of vegetation	primary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	tropical lowland forest; national park

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	165 m asl
Regional landform	peneplain
Topography of the surrounding country	rolling
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	slope of dissected peneplain
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	5 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	middle slope
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Slope Aspect of the site	south-west

Depth of groundwater table	cm
Groundwater Top	cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	slow
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Drainage Class	well
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	0-150 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site	termite/ant mounds
Microrelief Pattern	isolated
Microrelief Height	25
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	fairly stony
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 3: Acrisol