Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 5: Gleysol

CI005

A poorly drained, deep soil (80-125 cm) with a porous massive structure, slightly coherent, below 37 cm. There are oxidation mottles almost throughout the profile. Along roots there are often "mottles" of organic matter.

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Haplic Gleysol(Eutric)

Eutric Gleysol

12-50 cm albic horizon
12-75 cm ferralic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Albi-

Eutric Gleysol

0-12 cm ochric A horizon
12-50 cm albic E horizon
12-75 cm ferralic B horizon
gleyic properties

0-12 cm ochric A horizon
12-120 cm oxic B horizon
hydromorphic properties

Location:

Tai Forest Reserve, valley floor

Physical

Depth (cm)	Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-10	-	0.3	4.5	24.7	33.4	14.5	77.4	8.0	4.8	12.8	9.8
10-35	-	0.4	6.7	25.8	28.5	12.0	73.4	6.8	5.1	11.9	14.8
40-50	-	0.8	5.5	24.6	29.0	11.9	71.8	6.7	6.5	13.2	15.0
50-75	-	1.2	7.7	27.3	27.8	10.2	74.2	6.3	5.0	11.3	14.4
75-100	-	1.6	9.2	27.6	25.8	8.8	73	6.1	5.0	11.1	16.0
100-120	-	2.2	8.3	21.1	16.7	5.9	54.2	5.7	15.6	21.3	24.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
37-50	1.59	35.7	34.8	30.6	26.5	23.8	22.1	15.3	13.3	-
60-70	1.61	32.9	32.1	28.0	23.9	21.8	19.8	13.8	12.5	-
80-90	1.63	35.3	34.2	30.8	27.3	25.1	22.8	16.8	16.3	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-10	-	-	-	1.8	9.8
10-35	-	-	-	5.3	14.8
40-50	-	-	-	8.2	15.0
50-75	-	-	-	10.9	14.4
75-100	-	-	-	12.9	16.0
100-120	-	-	-	19.9	24.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-10	4.2	3.7	0.14	-	1.57	0.08	20	1.1	0.7	1.2	0.2	0.1	0.3	1.8
10-35	4.4	3.9	0.08	-	1.18	0.02	59	1.2	0.7	1.4	0.2	0.0	0.1	1.7
40-50	4.7	4.0	0.06	-	0.82	0.03	27	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	1.6
50-75	4.6	3.9	0.04	-	0.25	-	-	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	1.2
75-100	4.7	3.9	0.03	-	0.27	-	-	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	1.2
100-120	4.7	3.8	0.03	-	0.23	-	-	1.6	1.1	1.4	0.3	0.0	0.2	1.9

Depth (cm)	CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-10	4.7	-	5.5	-	38	-	6
10-35	3.2	-	4.1	-	53	-	3
40-50	3.0	-	2.9	-	53	-	10
50-75	1.6	-	0.9	-	75	-	6
75-100	4.0	-	0.9	-	30	-	3
100-120	3.3	-	0.8	-	58	-	6

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-10	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.04	0.10	0.04	-	-	-
10-35	-	-	-	-	0.18	0.06	0.16	0.05	-	-	-
40-50	-	-	-	-	0.18	0.04	0.15	0.03	-	-	-
50-75	-	-	-	-	0.05	0.03	0.16	0.02	-	-	-
75-100	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.01	-	-	-
100-120	-	-	-	-	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-10	44.5	34.9	3.4	0.01	0.11	0.09	-	1.05
10-35	46.1	36.5	3.4	0.00	0.08	0.07	-	1.02
40-50	46.6	35.0	3.1	0.00	0.07	0.07	-	0.98
50-75	47.4	36.8	2.4	0.00	0.07	0.07	-	1.01
75-100	45.7	37.6	2.2	0.00	0.07	0.07	-	1.02
100-120	45.3	37.4	2.0	0.00	0.04	0.08	-	0.92

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)	MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	Ign.Loss clay (wt%)	Total clay (%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-10	0.01	0.22	14.2	98.49	2.2	34.8	2	16.1
10-35	0.00	0.19	14.3	101.66	2.1	36	2	16.8
40-50	0.00	0.17	13.8	99.79	2.3	40	2.1	17.7
50-75	0.00	0.10	14.0	101.85	2.2	52.5	2.1	24
75-100	0.00	0.01	14.2	100.87	2.1	55.2	2	26.8
100-120	0.00	0.10	14.5	100.34	2.1	60.2	2	29.3

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-10	93.1	3.4	0.4	0.04	0.05	-	0.17
10-35	88.9	5.4	0.5	0.04	0.05	-	0.23
40-50	91.0	5.8	0.6	0.04	0.05	-	0.26
50-75	91.6	5.5	0.4	0.03	0.05	-	0.24
75-100	89.4	6.7	0.4	0.04	0.04	-	0.27
100-120	76.6	15.7	0.7	0.05	0.06	-	0.43

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)	P2O5 (wt%)	LOI (wt%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-10	0.01	3.6	46.5	618.6	43.2	13.3
10-35	0.01	3.6	27.9	472.5	26.4	16.9
40-50	0.01	3.2	26.6	403.1	25	15.1
50-75	0.00	2.5	28.3	608.6	27	21.5
75-100	0.00	2.9	22.6	594	21.8	26.2
100-120	0.01	6.1	8.3	290.8	8	35.1

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-10	very strong	very weak	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
10-35	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
40-50	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
50-75	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
75-100	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
100-120	very strong	-	-	weak	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ah 0-12 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist), loamy sand, moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky and moderate medium subangular blocky, very friable non sticky non plastic, many micro to fine tubular and many micro to fine interstitial pores, many very fine to coarse roots, non calcareous, gradual irregular boundary to,
Bw 12-37 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist), sandy loam, weak fine subangular blocky, very friable slightly sticky non plastic, few (2-5%) fine faint diffuse mottles (7.5 YR 5/8), many micro to fine tubular and many micro to fine interstitial pores, common very fine to coarse roots, non calcareous, gradual smooth boundary to,
BCg 37-50 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/3, moist), sandy loam, weakly coherent porous massive, very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, common (5-15%) fine distinct diffuse mottles (5 Y 7/7) and many (15-40%) fine distinct mottles (7.5 YR 5/8), common micro to fine tubular pores, few fine and medium roots, non calcareous, clear smooth boundary to,
Cr1 50-75 cm	light grey (5Y 7/1, moist), sandy loam, weakly coherent porous massive, very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, common (5-15%) fine prominent clear mottles (7.5 YR 5/8), common micro to very fine tubular pores, few fine and medium roots, non calcareous, gradual smooth boundary to,
Cr2 75-100 cm	undescribed colour (10Y 8/1, moist), sandy loam, weakly coherent porous massive, very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, few (2-5%) fine distinct diffuse mottles (10 YR 6/6), few micro and very fine tubular pores, few very fine and fine roots, few coarse gravel quatrz fragments, non calcareous, clear smooth boundary to,
Cr3 100-120 cm	undescribed colour (10Y 7/1, moist), sandy clay loam slightly gravelly, weakly coherent porous massive, very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, few (2-5%) fine mottles, common very fine and fine tubular pores, few coarse gravel quartz fragments, non calcareous,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	metamorphic rock
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	loamy
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	Precambrian migmatite rich in biotite

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	splash
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	moderate
Occurrence of soil aggradation	present
Slope Stability

Current land use at the site	nature and game preservation
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Status of vegetation	primary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Tropical lowland forest; national park

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	155 m asl
Regional landform	peneplain
Topography of the surrounding country	rolling
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	floodplain in dissected peneplain
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	4 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	lower slope
Form of the slope surrounding the site	concave
Slope Aspect of the site	north-east

Depth of groundwater table	0 cm
Groundwater Top	40 cm
Groundwater Bottom	80 cm
Kind of groundwater table	groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	slow
Flooding frequency	irregular
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Drainage Class	poor
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	0-120 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

You are here

Reference soil Côte d'Ivoire 5: Gleysol