Reference soil Ecuador 16: Fluvisol

EC016

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil EC016: Fluvisols

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Mollic- Fluvisol (Calcaric Siltic)

Calcari-Mollic- Fluvisol

0-25 cm	mollic horizon
-	calcaric
-	fluvic

0-25 cm	mollic horizon
-	calcaric
-	fluvic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calcari-Mollic Fluvisol

Calcaric Fluvisol

0-25 cm	mollic A horizon
-	calcaric
-	fluvic

0-25 cm

mollic A horizon

Local classification:	Suelos de banco

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ustifluvent ustic fine-loamy over clayey isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-25	0	0.0	0.2	0.4	2.1	4.8	7.5	15.8	45.9	61.7	30.9
25-89	0	0.0	0.2	0.5	15.7	33.5	49.9	22.4	15.4	37.8	12.3
89-104	0	0.0	0.1	0.3	3.8	15.5	19.7	35.8	31.1	66.9	13.4
104-130	0	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.6	1.2	2.3	22.5	57.3	79.8	17.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-25	1.320	-	-	15.4	30.9
25-89	-	-	-	3.9	12.3
40-55	1.120	-	-	-	-
89-104	-	-	-	5.7	13.4
90-120	1.070	-	-	-	-
104-130	-	-	-	6.7	17.9

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-25	1.320	52.4	51.9	50.2	48.2	47.0	45.1	32.7	33.0
40-55	1.120	56.0	54.6	52.3	34.7	23.4	18.4	12.1	10.7
90-120	1.070	58.9	57.3	53.6	50.4	48.5	43.8	19.6	15.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-25	7.9	6.7	0.36	7.2	1.16	0.14	8	0	0	48.8	5.5	4.9	0.1	59.3
25-89	7.9	5.1	0.07	3.9	0.10	0.02	5	0	0	20.3	3.2	1.7	0.3	25.5
89-104	7.9	5.0	0.07	4.4	0.10	0.01	10	0	0	23.2	4.1	0.3	0.3	27.9
104-130	7.6	5.0	0.08	4.1	0.15	0.02	8	0	0	25.9	4.0	0.2	0.5	30.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-25	159	37.3	121	4.2	-	0	0
25-89	105	24.4	198	0.4	-	0	1
89-104	106	26.4	197	0.4	-	0	1
104-130	89	34.4	192	0.7	-	0	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-25	-	-	-	0.20	0.20	0.70	0.00	-	-	-	0.10
25-89	-	-	-	0.20	0.20	0.80	0.00	-	-	-	0.20
89-104	-	-	-	0.20	0.20	0.90	0.00	-	-	-	0.20
104-130	-	-	-	0.20	0.30	1.00	0.00	-	-	-	0.30

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-25	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
25-89	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
89-104	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
104-130	-	weak	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	strong	-

Profile description

Ah 0-25 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, dry) very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay loam,weak fine and medium granular,slightly hard FV sticky plastic,common fine medium tubular pores,few coprogenic elements,clear smooth boundary to,
C1 25-89 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, moist)loamy fine sand,weakly coherent porous massive,soft very friable non sticky non plastic,few medium tubular pores and common tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C2 89-104 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)clay,weakly coherent porous massive,friable sticky plastic,few fine distinct clear mottles (5 YR 5/8) and few medium distinct mottles (5 YR 5/8),few fine medium tubular pores,clear smooth boundary to,
C3 104-130 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)clay,weakly coherent porous massive,friable sticky plastic,common very fine tubular pores and few fine to coarse pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	lith.bound.not clear
Soil Depth	130cm
Texture of parent material	clayey
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Soil erosion type	sheet

Major crops	banana
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	land improvements - not specified
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	continuously irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	degraded
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	closed forest

Altitude	10m
Physiographic Unit	summit
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	1%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	130cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Dry From - To	0-89cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Depth to groundwater table	300cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	89-130cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	89cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Ecuador 16: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil EC016: Fluvisols

Classification