Reference soil Finland 04: Podzol

FI004

Podzols mainly occur in cool temperate and moist regions on coarse textured materials. Areas of Podzols have also been recorded from wet, tropical regions, notably the Amazon basin, southern central Africa and southeast Asia.

Characteristics

Soils having a spodic horizon (a dark coloured subsurface horizon with illuvial amorphous alumino-organic substances) within 200 cm from the soil surface, underlying an albic, histic, umbric or ochric horizon, or an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick. Podzols are probably the most extensively researched group of soils.

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FI004: Podzols

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Albic- Podzol

Haplic- Podzol

0-10 cm	albic horizon
10-35 cm	spodic horizon

0-10 cm	albic horizon
10-35 cm	spodic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Podzol

Orthic Podzol

0-10 cm	albic E horizon
10-35 cm	spodic B horizon

0-10 cm	albic E horizon
10-35 cm	spodic B horizon

Local classification:	Iron Podzol

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Cryorthod udic sandy mixed frigid

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
5-15	-	-	-	-	-	-	87	5.9	6.9	12.8	0.2
15-25	-	-	-	-	-	-	84.3	4.9	10.4	15.3	0.4
25-40	-	-	-	-	-	-	88.4	5.9	4.5	10.4	1.2
40-75	-	-	-	-	-	-	83.1	8.8	5.6	14.4	2.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-15	-	-	-	-	0.2
15-25	-	-	-	-	0.4
25-40	-	-	-	-	1.2
40-75	-	-	-	-	2.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	3.6	2.9	0.01	-	35.40	1.13	31	-	-	7.2	5.0	2.4	0.2	14.8
5-15	4.3	3.5	0.05	-	0.68	0.02	34	-	-	0.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.7
15-25	4.8	4.4	0.05	-	2.96	0.10	30	-	-	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.4
25-40	5.5	5.2	0.02	-	0.66	0.04	17	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0
40-75	5.7	5.1	0.02	-	0.21	0.01	21	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-5	14	109	-	124.0	-	-	0
5-15	16	4.4	-	2.4	-	-	0
15-25	2	23.9	-	10.4	-	-	0
25-40	0	8.0	-	2.3	-	-	0
40-75	0	2.8	-	0.7	-	-	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
5-15	-	-	-	0.01	-	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	0.01
15-25	-	-	-	1.44	-	1.73	0.34	0.41	0.55	-	1.29
25-40	-	-	-	1.11	-	0.28	0.15	0.01	0.13	-	0.20
40-75	-	-	-	0.39	-	0.05	0.03	0.00	0.06	-	0.05

Profile description

Oe 0-5 cm	needles moderatelyhighly porous (>60 vol%),abrupt smooth boundary to,
E 5-15 cm	pinkish grey (7.5YR 6/2, dry)coarse sand,single grain,loose,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bhs 15-25 cm	(5YR 3/6, dry)Description sand slightly stony,single grain,slightly hard,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common stones fragments,gradual wavy boundary to,
Bs 25-40 cm	(5YR 3/7, dry)Description sand slightly stony,single grain,slightly hard,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common stones fragments,gradual wavy boundary to,
C 40-75 cm	yellow (10YR 7/6, dry)Description sand slightly stony,single grain,loose,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common stones fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	sand moraine, 2-3m thick over bedrock
Soil Depth	300cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	afforestation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Poor Myrtillus type spruce forest; frequency of spruce in tree layer 90%

Altitude	150m
Physiographic Unit	slope
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	glacial plain
Slope	3%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Microrelief Height: variation in height	50
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	hummocks
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very few stones

You are here

Reference soil Finland 04: Podzol

Characteristics

Reference soil FI004: Podzols

Classification