Reference soil Finland 05: Fluvisol

FI005

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FI005: Fluvisols

Land has been empoldered in 1958

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Gleyic- Fluvisol (Thionic Dystric Clayic)

Gleyi-Orthithionic- Fluvisol

30-45 cm	thionic horizon
-	sulphidic

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
30-45 cm	sulfuric horizon
-	sulfidic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Gleyi-Thionic Fluvisol salic

Thionic Fluvisol saline

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
30-45 cm	sulfuric horizon
-	sulfidic materials

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
30-45 cm	sulfuric horizon

Local classification:	Recently reclaimed soil in silty marine deposits

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Fluvaquent aquic fine-silty mixed frigid

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8	29.9	36.5	66.4	31.8
20-30	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.7	26.9	32.7	59.6	39.7
30-45	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2	5.7	52.1	57.8	41.0
50-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	12.5	46.1	58.6	37.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	-	31.8
20-30	-	-	-	-	39.7
30-45	-	-	-	-	41.0
50-70	-	-	-	-	37.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	4.2	4.0	1.21	-	3.29	0.31	11	-	-	5.2	3.7	0.1	0.2	9.2
20-30	3.2	3.1	1.24	-	2.54	0.27	9	-	-	1.6	2.1	0.0	0.2	3.9
30-45	3.0	2.9	2.56	-	2.81	0.30	9	-	-	2.6	1.2	0.0	0.2	4
50-70	3.4	3.3	4.90	-	3.31	0.34	10	-	-	5.2	5.5	0.2	1.1	12

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	34	27.2	49	11.5	-	-	1
20-30	15	26.1	43	8.9	-	-	1
30-45	13	30	49	9.8	-	-	1
50-70	39	30.5	51	11.6	-	-	4

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	(10YR 2/3, dry) dark greyish brown (2.5Y 4/2, moist)silt organic highly,massive,few fine prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 4/6),abrupt smooth boundary to,
C1 20-30 cm	(2.5Y 4/1, dry)silty clay,strong fine and medium angular blocky,many heterogeneous prominent clear mottles (10YR 5/4) and (7.5YR 4/6),clear smooth boundary to,
C2 30-45 cm	(5Y 3.5/2, dry)silty clay,moderate coarse prismatic,many heterogeneous prominent clear mottles (2.5Y 4/2),clear smooth boundary to,
C3 45-70 cm	(5Y 3.5/2, dry)silty clay,weak to moderate coarse angular blocky,many heterogeneous prominent clear mottles (2.5Y 4/2),

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	silty-clayey marine deposits, partially riped
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Major crops	crops (unspecified)
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	land improvements - not specified
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LANDUSE: Land has been empoldered in 1958

Altitude	0m
Physiographic Unit	polder
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	coastal plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Moist From - To	0-80cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly saline

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Reference soil Finland 05: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil FI005: Fluvisols

Classification