Reference soil Finland 06: Gleysol

FI006

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Fluvic Gleysol(Epidystric Siltic)

Epidystric Gleysol

	gleyic colour pattern
	reducing conditions
	fluvic material

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
	fluvic soil material
	gleyic properties

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Silti-

Dystric Gleysol

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
	gleyic properties

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
	hydromorphic properties

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Endoaquent

USDA-SCS (1975)

Haplaquent

fine-silty

mixed

frigid

Location:

20km E of Tampere near Kangasala

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-4	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.7	68.5	-	27.3
4-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.8	70.1	-	23.8
18-35	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.5	67.5	-	26.1
35-50	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.9	60.9	-	30.2
50-80	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.5	63.3	-	33.0
80-120	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.2	63.3	-	33.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-4	:	0.640	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4-18	:	0.880	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
18-35	:	1.020	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
80-120	:	1.080	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-4	:	-	-	-	-	27.3
4-18	:	-	-	-	-	23.8
18-35	:	-	-	-	-	26.1
35-50	:	-	-	-	-	30.2
50-80	:	-	-	-	-	33.0
80-120	:	-	-	-	-	33.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-4	:	4.9	4.0	0.12	-	12.37	-	-	-	-	12.1	4.8	0.6	0.1	-
4-18	:	4.8	3.8	0.07	-	4.78	-	-	-	-	2.9	1.8	0.2	0.1	-
18-35	:	5.4	3.8	0.04	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8	1.3	0.2	0.1	-
35-50	:	5.8	4.1	0.03	-	0.56	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
50-80	:	5.9	4.1	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
80-120	:	6.1	4.0	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.9	4.0	0.2	0.1	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-4	:	41.0	-	43.0	-	-	-	0
4-18	:	21.1	-	17.0	-	-	-	1
18-35	:	9.5	-	-	-	-	-	1
35-50	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
50-80	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
80-120	:	10.4	-	-	-	-	-	1

Depth (cm)		P Olsen (mg/kg)	P Bray (mg/kg)	pH CaCl2	CaSO4.2H2O (%)
0-4	:	-	-	4.4	-
4-18	:	-	-	4.1	-
18-35	:	-	-	4.5	-
35-50	:	-	-	5.0	-
50-80	:	-	-	5.1	-
80-120	:	-	-	5.2	-

Profile description:

Oi 0-2 cm	herbaceous fragments slightly, abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah1 2-6 cm	(2.5Y 3/1, dry), silt loam, very fine angular blocky, moderately porous (40-60 vol%), clear smooth boundary to,
Ah2 6-20 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, dry), silt loam, moderate medium platy and moderate fine platy, moderately porous (40-60 vol%), abrupt wavy boundary to,
Cg1 20-35 cm	light grey (5Y 7/2, dry), silt loam, massive, very fine very fine prominent mottles, slightly porous (<40 vol%), gradual smooth boundary to,
Cg2 35-50 cm	light olive grey (5Y 6/2, dry) grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silty clay loam, massive, common coarse distinct diffuse mottles (7.5YR 6/8), slightly porous (<40 vol%), clear wavy boundary to,
Cg3 50-120 cm	light olive grey (5Y 6/2, dry) grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silty clay loam, massive, common coarse prominent diffuse mottles (7.5YR 6/8) and very fine sharp prominent mottles (5YR 3/6), slightly porous (<40 vol%),

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	lacustrine sediments
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	silty
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	slightly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Remarks on Parent Materials	warved clay

Current land use at the site
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site
Status of vegetation

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	0 m asl
Regional landform	lacustrine plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	0 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat

Runoff	very slow
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	poor

Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

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Reference soil Finland 06: Gleysol

Characteristics