Reference soil France 07: Planosol

FR007

Planosols occur in level landscapes throughout the world often associated with broad river valleys.

Characteristics

Soils having an eluvial horizon, the lower boundary of which is marked. within 100 cm from the soil surface, by an abrupt textural change associated with stagnic properties above that boundary. The feature of albeluvic tonguing, however, is lacking.

Distribution of Planosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FR007: Planosols

PARENT MATERIAL: Sand and clay (Pliocene-Miocene) over Siliceous limestone ("sables de Lozère sur argiles à meulière du Chattien"). ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: O - litter consisting of remains of preceeding year; moder-like humus. E - with patches of Ah. BEg - concretions and cutans: black, appear to consist of the same matter. Bg - concretions and cutans: black, appear to consist of the same matter. - patches of light grey (2.5Y 7/2) loam, with bleached sandgrains, most abundant in lowest part of horizon. Btg1 - cutans: ferri-argillans. - roots: along coatings of white clay. Btg2 - cutans: ferri-argillans. - coatings of white clay with fine plant roots. BCg - colour: few red (2.5YR 5/8) spots. - cutans: ferri-argillans. - with sand of quartz and debris of sandstone; some clay coatings.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Luvic- Planosol (Albic Manganiferric Epidystric)

Albi-Luvic- Planosol (Ferric Epidystric)

27-120 cm	argic horizon
7-27 cm	albic horizon
-	stagnic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions
-	abrupt textural change

27-120 cm	argic horizon
2-7 cm	ochric horizon
7-27 cm	albic horizon
-	stagnic
-	abrupt textural change

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Epidystri-Eutric Planosol

Eutric Planosol

27-120 cm	argic B horizon
2-7 cm	ochric A horizon
7-27 cm	albic E horizon
-	abrupt textural change
-	stagnic

27-120 cm	argillic B horizon
2-7 cm	ochric A horizon
7-27 cm	albic E horizon

Local classification:	Sol lessivé à pseudogley

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ochraqualf

More images

Parent material

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	unconsolidated, unspecified
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	unconsolidated, unspecified
Remarks on Parent Materials	Pliocene-Miocene sand and clay over siliceous limestone ("sables de Lozère sur argilles à meulière du Chattien")
Soil Depth	46cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey
Weathering Resistance	high
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	partially or moderately

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
2-7	-	3.4	5.2	5.0	16.8	2.2	32.6	25.3	26.8	52.1	15.3
7-16	-	2.9	4.6	4.2	16.1	2.2	30	28.4	26.6	55.0	15.1
16-27	-	2.8	4.1	4.2	17.3	1.7	30.1	28.8	25.8	54.6	15.3
27-48	-	2.8	4.5	3.5	13.0	2.1	25.9	25.5	23.6	49.1	25.0
48-71	-	4.2	3.4	2.5	7.6	0.9	18.6	16.2	15.6	31.8	49.6
71-98	-	2.5	3.4	2.5	7.5	1.5	17.4	17.0	15.5	32.5	50.2
98-124	-	1.6	2.9	2.7	8.8	1.4	17.4	18.2	16.4	34.6	48.0
140-160	-	1.9	4.3	3.7	5.4	2.2	17.5	19.4	17.4	36.8	45.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
2-7	-	-	-	-	15.3
7-16	-	-	-	-	15.1
16-27	-	-	-	-	15.3
27-48	-	-	-	-	25.0
48-71	-	-	-	-	49.6
71-98	-	-	-	-	50.2
98-124	-	-	-	-	48.0
140-160	-	-	-	-	45.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
2-7	3.8	3.2	0.35	-	3.97	0.24	17	7.7	4.8	1.3	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.9
7-16	4.7	3.8	0.18	-	1.24	0.09	14	3.9	3.1	0.0	0.1	0.5	0.9	1.5
16-27	4.8	3.8	0.15	-	0.73	0.07	10	-	-	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	1.1
27-48	4.7	3.5	0.08	-	0.27	0.04	7	5	4.3	2.0	1.7	0.4	0.2	4.3
48-71	5.1	3.7	0.17	-	0.20	0.07	3	-	-	12.4	5.4	0.6	1.2	19.6
71-98	5.0	3.6	0.18	-	0.16	0.04	4	1.9	1.2	15.1	5.3	0.6	1.3	22.3
98-124	5.1	3.6	0.16	-	0.22	0.03	7	1.8	1.2	14.5	4.6	0.5	1.6	21.2
140-160	5.1	3.6	0.21	-	0.16	0.04	4	1.1	0.7	15.2	4.3	0.4	1.5	21.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
2-7	19	15.1	99	13.9	-	32	1
7-16	19	7.9	52	4.3	-	39	11
16-27	12	9.1	59	2.6	-	-	2
27-48	31	13.8	55	0.9	-	31	1
48-71	70	28.1	57	0.7	-	-	4
71-98	75	29.8	59	0.6	-	4	4
98-124	75	28.1	59	0.8	-	4	6
140-160	80	26.6	58	0.6	-	3	6

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
2-7	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak	very weak	weak	strong	weak	-
7-16	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	weak	strong	weak	-
16-27	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-	strong	medium to strong	-
27-48	-	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	strong	medium to strong	-
48-71	-	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	medium to strong	strong	-
71-98	-	very weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	medium to strong	strong	-
98-124	-	very weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	weak	strong	-
140-160	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	weak	strong	-

Profile description

Ah 2-7 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist)organic,silt loam,weak fine angular blocky,clear irregular boundary to,
E 7-16 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist)silt loam,weak fine angular blocky,(2.5Y 6/4) and (7.5YR 5/4),clear wavy boundary to,
BEg 16-27 cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, moist)silt loam,weak medium angular blocky,(7.5YR 7/8),patchy manganese (hydr-)oxide on pedfaces cutans,few soft manganiferous concretions,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Bg 27-48 cm	reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8, moist)loam,medium angular blocky,slightly sticky,(2.5Y 7/2),patchy manganese (hydr-)oxide on pedfaces cutans,frequent soft manganiferous concretions,clear wavy boundary to,
Btg1 48-71 cm	claymoderate coarse angular blocky,sticky,(7.5YR 6/8) and (2.5Y 8/2),broken cutans,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Btg2 71-98 cm	clayvery coarse angular blocky,sticky plastic,(7.5YR 6/8) and (2.5Y 8/2),broken cutans,
BCg 98- cm	(7.5YR 6/8) and (2.5YR 5/8)patchy cutans,

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	afforestation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Mainly Quercus; no human influence
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	160m
Physiographic Unit	plateau
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	120cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	perched
Moist From - To	0-100cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	46cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil France 07: Planosol

Characteristics

Reference soil FR007: Planosols

Classification