Reference soil France 09: Planosol

FR009

Planosols occur in level landscapes throughout the world often associated with broad river valleys.

Characteristics

Soils having an eluvial horizon, the lower boundary of which is marked. within 100 cm from the soil surface, by an abrupt textural change associated with stagnic properties above that boundary. The feature of albeluvic tonguing, however, is lacking.

Distribution of Planosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FR009: Planosols

PARENT MATERIAL: Lozère sands. horizontally bedded. Miocene-Pliocene. VEGETATION AND LAND USE: coverage(%) Trees 50 herbs & grasses 90 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: O1 - organic matter: also wood fragments. O2 - mor. Ah1 - texture: also slightly stony. - highly organic. Ah2 - texture: also slightly stony. E - texture: also slightly stony. - with pebbles. Btg1 - texture: also stony (flints). - pockets of sandy clay Btg2 - texture: also slightly stony. - silex cobbles. Btg3 - texture: also slightly stony. C - horizontal banding. Textural change between EBg and Btg1 is probably partly geogenetic.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Alic-Folic- Planosol (Albic Dystric)

Albi-Alic- Planosol (Dystric)

0-11 cm	folic horizon
26-53 cm	albic horizon
53-126 cm	anthric horizon
-	reducing conditions
-	stagnic colour pattern
-	abrupt textural change

0-11 cm	folic horizon
11-26 cm	ochric horizon
26-53 cm	albic horizon
53-126 cm	argic horizon
-	stagnic
-	abrupt textural change

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Albi-Dystric Planosol

Dystric Planosol

11-26 cm	ochric A horizon
26-53 cm	albic E horizon
53-126 cm	argic B horizon
-	abrupt textural change
-	stagnic

11-26 cm	ochric A horizon
26-53 cm	albic E horizon
53-126 cm	argillic B horizon
-	hydromorphic

Local classification:	Sol podzolique à pseudogley

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Albaquult

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
11-13	-	-	-	-	-	-	48	26.5	19.0	45.5	6.5
13-26	-	-	-	-	-	-	49.5	25.4	18.0	43.4	7.1
33-55	-	-	-	-	-	-	46.3	20.9	17.6	38.5	15.2
55-77	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.2	5.1	-	40.1
77-98	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0	1.8	-	28.9
98-126	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.9	1.0	-	27.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
11-13	-	-	-	-	6.5
13-26	-	-	-	-	7.1
33-55	-	-	-	-	15.2
55-77	-	-	-	-	40.1
77-98	-	-	-	-	28.9
98-126	-	-	-	-	27.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-1	4.6	3.6	-	-	11.40	1.44	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1-11	4.0	2.9	-	-	20.30	1.20	17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
11-13	4.0	3.0	-	-	5.38	0.27	20	-	-	1.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	1.4
13-26	4.1	3.5	-	-	1.70	0.06	28	-	-	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.4
26-33	4.5	3.9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
33-55	4.6	4.2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
55-77	5.1	3.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
77-98	5.1	3.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.7	0.1	0.0	1.6
98-126	5.1	3.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8	0.4	0.1	0.0	2.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-1	-	-	-	39.9	-	-	-
1-11	-	-	-	71.0	-	-	-
11-13	11	12.4	191	18.8	-	-	0
13-26	2	23.2	327	6.0	-	-	0
33-55	3	7.9	52	-	-	-	0
77-98	16	10.2	-	-	-	-	0
98-126	23	10.1	-	-	-	-	0

Profile description

Oi1 0-7 cm	(5YR 2/2, moist)leaves nil,
Oi2 7-11 cm	(5YR 2/2, moist)organic nil,
0-2 cm	dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly organic slightly,abrupt wavy boundary to,
2-15 cm	(7.5YR 3.5/2, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,massive,clear wavy boundary to,
15-22 cm	(10YR 5.5/2.5, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,massive,clear irregular boundary to,
EBg 33-53 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, moist)loam very gravelly,structureless single grain,few medium faint diffuse mottles (7.5YR 7/8) and few medium faint mottles (5Y 7/2),clear wavy boundary to,
Btg1 53-77 cm	sandy clay gravellymassive,many coarse prominent clear mottles (5YR 5/8) and many coarse prominent mottles (10YR 7/4),gradual smooth boundary to,
66-87 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)sandy clay loam slightly gravelly,massive,many coarse prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 6/8) and many coarse prominent mottles (10YR 7/1),gradual smooth boundary to,
87-115 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)sandy clay loam slightly gravelly,many coarse prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 6/8) and many coarse prominent mottles (10YR 7/1),gradual smooth boundary to,
C 126- cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)many coarse prominent clear mottles (7.5YR 6/8) and many coarse prominent mottles (10YR 7/1),

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	unconsolidated, unspecified
Remarks on Parent Materials	Lozère gravelly clayey sand, Mio-Pliocene
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	natural forest and woodland
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Betula; herbaceous ground cover (Calluna); coverage: trees 50%, herbs and grasses 90%
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	165m
Physiographic Unit	plateau
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	66cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	perched
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	40cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil France 09: Planosol

Characteristics

Reference soil FR009: Planosols

Classification