Reference soil France 12: Luvisol

FR012

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FR012: Luvisols

LAND USE: wheat and rape, peach and apricot, and garden plants

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Luvisol (Hypereutric Skeletic Clayic)

Rhodi-Skeletic- Luvisol

49-131 cm

argic horizon

0-38 cm	ochric horizon
49-131 cm	argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Rhodi-Chromic Luvisol skeletic

Chromic Luvisol stony

0-38 cm	ochric A horizon
49-131 cm	argic B horizon

0-38 cm	ochric A horizon
49-131 cm	argillic B horizon

Local classification:	Sol fersialitique lessivé

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Calcic Rhodoxeralf
USDA-SCS (1975)	Calcic Rhodoxeralf xeric loamy-skeletal mixed thermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	44	9.2	9.1	11.9	14.4	8.9	53.5	16.2	15.6	31.8	14.8
20-35	58	8.1	8.5	12.3	15.1	9.7	53.7	15.1	16.2	31.3	15.0
40-48	67	13.0	6.9	9.8	11.7	8.5	49.9	13.0	15.5	28.5	21.6
55-70	71	16.9	5.0	5.8	6.4	5.7	39.8	8.6	13.3	21.9	38.3
75-90	49	7.1	4.9	6.8	5.9	4.9	29.6	6.7	11.0	17.7	52.6
100-115	45	6.1	4.9	7.4	5.4	4.3	28.1	4.0	10.2	14.2	57.7
135-150	67	8.2	9.1	15.5	5.8	4.3	42.9	3.9	11.5	15.4	41.6
160-175	88	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-10	1.446	-	-	-	-
0-15	-	-	-	-	14.8
20-35	-	-	-	-	15.0
25-30	1.543	-	-	-	-
55-60	1.275	-	-	-	-
40-48	-	-	-	-	21.6
80-85	1.359	-	-	-	-
55-70	-	-	-	-	38.3
100-105	1.355	-	-	-	-
75-90	-	-	-	-	52.6
125-130	1.358	-	-	-	-
100-115	-	-	-	-	57.7
135-150	-	-	-	-	41.6

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
5-10	1.446	37.8	32.9	29.4	25.9	24.1	21.8	15.1	12.8
25-30	1.543	36.3	30.8	27.7	24.5	23.0	20.7	14.4	11.8
55-60	1.275	38.5	32.8	30.1	27.8	26.4	23.9	22.1	20.3
80-85	1.359	45.5	41.9	38.9	36.3	33.5	30.3	30.1	27.8
100-105	1.355	44.5	42.4	40.5	38.1	36.4	33.8	33.7	30.8
125-130	1.358	44.8	43.7	41.2	38.1	35.8	32.9	23.6	20.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	7.1	6.4	0.24	0.7	1.29	0.12	11	-	-	8.9	1.2	0.9	0.1	11.1
20-35	6.2	5.1	0.10	-	0.92	0.09	10	-	-	5.6	1.0	0.2	0.0	6.8
40-48	6.5	5.3	0.09	-	0.40	-	-	-	-	6.5	1.0	0.2	0.1	7.8
55-70	6.3	4.9	0.10	-	0.38	-	-	-	-	13.6	1.6	0.3	0.1	15.6
75-90	6.4	4.8	0.09	-	0.26	-	-	-	-	20.7	2.2	0.3	0.1	23.3
100-115	6.5	5.1	0.16	-	0.63	0.03	21	-	-	25.2	2.2	0.3	0.2	27.9
135-150	7.8	7.1	0.21	13.0	0.37	-	-	-	-	45.5	1.3	0.2	0.1	47.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	126	8.8	59	4.5	-	-	1
20-35	92	7.4	49	3.2	-	-	0
40-48	101	7.7	36	1.4	-	-	1
55-70	103	15.1	39	1.3	-	-	1
75-90	105	22.1	42	0.9	-	-	0
100-115	115	24.3	42	2.2	-	-	1
135-150	-	17.4	42	1.3	-	-	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.90	0.10	0.00	0.00	-	0.10
20-35	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.80	0.10	0.00	0.00	-	0.10
40-48	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	1.20	0.10	0.00	0.00	-	0.10
55-70	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	2.80	0.20	0.00	0.00	-	0.10
75-90	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	3.30	0.20	0.00	0.00	-	0.20
100-115	-	-	-	0.20	0.10	3.80	0.30	0.00	0.00	-	0.20
135-150	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	2.20	0.20	0.00	0.00	-	0.10

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-15	-	-	23.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
20-35	-	-	12.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
40-48	-	-	4.2	-	-	-	-	-	-
55-70	-	-	2.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
75-90	-	-	1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
100-115	-	-	1.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
135-150	-	-	2.5	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	(5YR 3.5/4, moist)clay loam gravelly,strong fine and medium crumb,soft very friable slightly sticky,many pores,many fine roots,frequent medium and coarse gravel quartzite fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah 20-38 cm	(5YR 3.5/4, moist)clay loam gravelly,moderate to strong fine and medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky,common pores,many fine roots,frequent medium and coarse gravel quartzite and sandstone fragments,clear smooth boundary to,
E 38-49 cm	(5YR 4/5, moist)sandy clay loam gravelly,weak very fine and fine subangular blocky,very friable non sticky,common exped pores,many very fine and fine roots,frequent medium and coarse gravel fresh quartzite, granite and phyllite fragments,clear smooth boundary to,
EB 49-70 cm	(2.5YR 3.5/6, moist)sandy clay very stony,moderate fine and medium subangular and angular blocky,friable sticky,common exped and inped pores,common very fine and fine roots,very frequent coarse gravel and stones weathered quartzite, phyllite, gneiss and granite fragments,clear smooth boundary to,
Bt1 70-90 cm	(10R 4/7, moist)sandy clay stony,massive,firm sticky,few pores,common very fine and fine roots,frequent coarse gravel and stones weathered quartzite, phyllite, gneiss and granite fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt2 90-131 cm	red (10R 4/8, moist)sandy clay slightly stony,prismatic parting to angular blocky,firm sticky,few pores,common very fine roots,common coarse gravel and stones strongly weathered phyllite, gneiss, granite and sandstone fragments,abrupt wavy boundary to,
BCk 131-160 cm	(2.5YR 3/5, moist)sandy clay very stony,massive,firm sticky,very frequent coarse gravel and stones limestone, quartzite, phyllite and granite fragments,moderately calcareous (2-10%),abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ck 160-400 cm	Description sand graveldominant coarse gravel and stones limestone, quatzite, phyllite and granite fragments,moderately calcareous (2-10%),

Depth1	400cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvio-glacial sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mixed lithology of limestone, slate, granite, gneiss, phyllite and quartzite gravel, deposited during the Mindel era
Soil Depth	400cm
Texture of parent material	loamy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	highly

Major crops	wheat
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LANDUSE: Also rape, peach and apricot, and garden plants

Altitude	160m
Physiographic Unit	slope
Physiographic position of the site	slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	fluvio-glacial terrace
Slope	2%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Dry From - To	40-400cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-40cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Average size of stone	6
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Shape of stones (on average)	(sub-)rounded
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	stony

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Reference soil France 12: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil FR012: Luvisols

Classification