Reference soil Germany 16: Luvisol

DE016

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil DE016: Luvisols

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-25	1	-	-	-	-	-	6.7	58.7	22.5	81.2	12.1
25-38	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.2	59.9	23	82.9	11.9
38-50	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.5	61.2	22.5	83.7	12.8
50-65	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.5	51.1	20.8	71.9	26.6
65-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	52.8	22.7	75.5	23
90-100	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	58.3	19.2	77.5	19.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-25	-	-	-	-	12.1
25-38	-	-	-	-	11.9
38-50	-	-	-	-	12.8
50-65	-	-	-	-	26.6
65-80	-	-	-	-	23
90-100	-	-	-	-	19.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-25	8.2	7.5	-	2.1	1.30	0.15	9	-	-	11.2	0.5	0.3	0.0	12
25-38	8.4	7.5	-	0.6	0.78	0.10	8	-	-	10.1	0.4	0.2	0.0	10.7
38-50	8.3	7.2	-	0.9	0.53	0.07	8	-	-	7.8	0.4	0.2	0.0	8.4
50-65	8.1	6.9	-	1.5	0.32	0.05	6	-	-	14.2	0.8	0.3	0.0	15.3
65-80	8.1	6.9	-	1.5	0.27	0.04	7	-	-	12.3	0.7	0.2	0.0	13.2
90-100	7.8	6.8	-	1.2	0.18	0.02	9	-	-	10.7	0.8	0.2	0.0	11.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-25	97	12.4	102	4.6	-	-	-
25-38	97	11	92	2.7	-	-	-
38-50	87	9.7	76	1.9	-	-	-
50-65	89	17.1	64	1.1	-	-	-
65-80	90	14.7	64	0.9	-	-	-
90-100	94	12.5	64	0.6	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-25	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak
38-50	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak to medium	strong	weak
65-80	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak	strong	weak

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Texture of parent material (second entry)	silty

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Reference soil Germany 16: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil DE016: Luvisols

Classification