Reference soil Ghana 04: Acrisol

GH004

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil GH004: Acrisols

Acrisol

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Pisoplinthic- Acrisol (Profondic Clayic Rhodic)

Ferri-Profondic- Acrisol (Hyperdystric Chromic)

18-37 cm	pisoplinthic horizon
37-220 cm	argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromi-Ferric Acrisol petroferric

Ferric Acrisol petroferric

0-18 cm	ochric A horizon
18-37 cm	cambic B horizon
37-220 cm	argic B horizon
-	ferric

0-18 cm	ochric A horizon
18-37 cm	cambic B horizon
37-220 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric

Local classification:	Forest Ochrosol, Bekwai series

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Paleudult udic clayey mixed isohyperthermic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
11-18	-	7.2	11.4	11.7	10.2	6.2	46.7	11.9	10.6	22.5	30.7
18-24	-	9.6	11.8	7.9	8.3	6.3	43.9	11.7	11.6	23.3	32.8
24-37	-	7.0	12.2	8.5	8.2	6.2	42.1	11.9	10.3	22.2	35.6
37-50	-	8.2	9.6	5.7	4.6	4.0	32.1	8.8	7.3	16.1	52.0
50-74	-	5.7	6.8	3.9	3.5	3.5	23.4	6.7	7	13.7	62.7
74-88	-	4.3	6.2	2.9	3	3.3	19.7	7.5	7.2	14.7	65.5
88-118	-	1.3	2.8	2.0	5.7	4.0	15.8	11.8	14.7	26.5	57.6
118-159	-	1.9	2.6	1.8	4.9	3.7	14.9	9.2	15.8	25	60.2
159-187	-	2.9	4.2	2.4	3.8	3.3	16.6	8.0	9.9	17.9	65.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
11-18	-	-	-	-	30.7
18-24	-	-	-	-	32.8
24-37	-	-	-	-	35.6
37-50	-	-	-	-	52.0
50-74	-	-	-	-	62.7
74-88	-	-	-	-	65.5
88-118	-	-	-	-	57.6
118-159	-	-	-	-	60.2
159-187	-	-	-	-	65.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	5.4	5.0	0.59	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5-11	5.2	4.4	0.14	-	1.43	0.20	7	0.3	0.1	3.5	1.0	0.0	0.0	4.5
11-18	4.9	4.0	0.09	-	-	-	-	0.9	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.0	0.0	1.4
18-24	4.9	4.0	0.07	-	-	-	-	0.6	0.3	1.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.5
24-37	4.9	4.0	0.05	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.1	0.0	1
37-50	4.8	3.9	0.05	-	-	-	-	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.6	0.1	0.0	1.7
50-74	4.8	3.9	0.05	-	-	-	-	1.1	1.0	1.0	0.7	0.0	0.3	2
74-88	5.0	4.0	0.04	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.0	0.0	1.8
88-118	4.6	4.0	0.1	-	-	-	-	1.2	1.0	1.5	0.7	0.0	0.0	2.2
118-159	4.8	4.0	0.04	-	-	-	-	1.2	1.0	1.0	0.5	0.0	0.0	1.5
159-187	4.8	3.9	0.04	-	-	-	-	1.4	1.2	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.0	1.2

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
5-11	39	11.5	-	5.0	4.8	1	0
11-18	13	10.6	35	-	2.3	6	0
18-24	16	9.2	28	-	2.1	3	0
24-37	12	8.4	24	-	1.8	10	0
37-50	18	9.3	18	-	2.8	11	0
50-74	19	10.6	17	-	3.1	9	3
74-88	20	8.9	14	-	2.6	9	0
88-118	21	10.6	16	-	3.4	9	0
118-159	16	9.1	18	-	2.7	9	0
159-187	11	10.6	15	-	2.6	13	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-5	-	-	-	-	-	4.89	-	-	-	-	-
5-11	-	-	-	-	-	4.27	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-5 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay loam,fine and medium granular,very friable,many fine roots,non calcareous,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah2 5-11 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)clay loam,medium granular,friable,many fine and medium roots,non calcareous,abrupt wavy boundary to,
11-18 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)gravelly clay loam,medium granular,friable,common fine and medium roots,frequent small hard ferruginous concretions,common fine gravel fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw1 18-24 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6, moist)very gravelly clay loam,massive,firm,few fine roots,very frequent small hard ferruginous concretions,common fine and medium gravel fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw2 24-37 cm	dark red (7.5R 3/6, moist)very gravelly clay,massive,firm,few fine roots,frequent small hard ferruginous concretions,common fine and medium gravel quartz fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw3 37-50 cm	red (7.5R 4/6, moist)gravelly clay,massive,firm,few fine roots,frequent small hard ferruginous concretions,common fine and medium gravel quartz fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw4 50-74 cm	red (7.5R 4/6, moist)gravelly clay,massive,firm,common coarse gravel and stones quartz fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw5 74-88 cm	red (7.5R 4/6, moist)gravelly clay,massive,firm,few small hard ferruginous concretions,common medium and coarse gravel quartz fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw6 88-118 cm	red (10R 4/6, moist)gravelly clay,massive,firm,few small hard ferruginous concretions,common fine and medium gravel fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw7 118-159 cm	red (10R 4/6, moist)clay,weak fine subangular blocky,firm,few fine and medium gravel fragments,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Bw8 159-187 cm	red (10R 4/6, moist)red (10R 4/6, moist),clay,clay,very weak fine subangular blocky,very weak fine subangular blocky,firm,firm,common (5-15%) medium distinct mottles (10YR 6/6),few fine and medium gravel fragments,non calcareous,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,clear smooth boundary to,
C1 220-271 cm	red (10R 4/6, moist)silty clay,massive,firm,many (15-40%) coarse distinct mottles (7.5YR 6/4),non calcareous,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C2 271-294 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/4, moist)silt loam,massive,friable,common (5-15%) medium distinct mottles (2.5YR 5/6),non calcareous,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	metamorphic/sedimentary rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	phyllite
Texture of parent material	loamy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	highly

Altitude	255m
Physiographic Unit	slope
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	hill
Slope	2%
Slope Aspect	west
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Ghana 04: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil GH004: Acrisols

Classification