Reference soil Greece 09: Cambisol

GR009

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil GR009: Cambisols

CLIMATE: Continental. VEGETATION AND LAND USE: Sparse cover of short grasses and herbaceous plants (Euphorbia sp., Astragalus sp.).

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	6	1.2	1.4	0.9	1.4	1.6	6.5	5	23.9	28.9	64.6
10-30	4	0.9	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.5	6	10.7	20.3	31	63

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	64.6
10-30	-	-	-	-	63

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	6.0	5.5	-	-	4.95	0.41	12	-	-	16.8	2.0	1.4	0.2	20.4
10-30	5.9	5.1	-	-	3.14	0.28	11	-	-	15.3	1.5	0.8	0.2	17.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	66	31.1	48	17.3	-	-	-
10-30	59	30	48	11	-	-	-

Profile description

Ah 0-10 cm	reddish brown (5YR 4/4, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4, moist)clay slightly gravelly,strong very fine granular,soft very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,many very fine pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bw 10-30 cm	reddish brown (5YR 5/4, dry) reddish brown (5YR 4/4, moist)clay slightly gravelly,strong fine subangular blocky,slightly hard friable slightly sticky plastic,no cutans,many very fine pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
(Bw)R 30-60 cm	many very fine porescoarse gravel limestone fragments,

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Subalpine vegetation (above tree line)
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	short grassland

Altitude	1680m
Physiographic Unit	Tymphristos
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	mountain
Slope	20%
Slope Aspect	north-west
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	hilly

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Dry From - To	10-65cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-10cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very rocky
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very stony

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Reference soil Greece 09: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil GR009: Cambisols

Classification