Reference soil Greece 13: Chromic Luvisol

GR013

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil GR013: Chromic Luvisols

VEGETATION AND LAND USE: Quercus sp., Castanea vesca mixed with planted seedlings of pine. Understory mostly Erica verticilata, Erica arborea, Juniperus oxycedrus and mentha sp.. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: O - composition: apart from forest litter also mineral material. gravel: quartz (mainly) and granite in the Ah- and Bt-horizons. In the C- and R-horizon there is a high proportion of muscovite.

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-3	17	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3-16	27	5.7	9.7	9.1	16.7	11.2	52.4	12.4	20.5	32.9	14.6
16-26	17	4.6	6.4	6.5	15	11.4	43.9	13.9	18.7	32.6	23.5
26-38	34	3.8	5.6	5.8	14.5	12.3	42.0	13.7	18.1	31.8	26.3
38-60	20	2.7	3.7	4.4	14.7	12.6	38.1	17.6	19.2	36.8	25.1
60-78	16	0.7	1.8	3.5	19.9	18.8	44.7	15.8	18.5	34.3	20.8
78-123	20	0.8	1.7	4.7	31.8	23	62.0	12.5	15.7	28.2	9.8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
3-16	-	-	-	-	14.6
16-26	-	-	-	-	23.5
26-38	-	-	-	-	26.3
38-60	-	-	-	-	25.1
60-78	-	-	-	-	20.8
78-123	-	-	-	-	9.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-3	5.4	4.6	-	-	-	0.74	-	-	-	16.5	5.1	1.2	0.2	23
3-16	5.5	4.4	-	-	1.82	0.13	14	-	-	8.9	4.6	0.6	0.2	14.3
16-26	5.5	3.9	-	-	0.65	0.06	11	-	-	12.9	7.3	0.6	0.2	21
26-38	5.7	3.7	-	-	0.50	0.04	13	-	-	16.4	9.6	0.5	0.3	26.8
38-60	5.7	3.5	-	-	0.43	0.04	11	-	-	21.0	21.0	0.5	0.3	42.8
60-78	5.5	3.4	-	-	0.34	0.03	11	-	-	23.4	15.8	0.4	0.4	40
78-123	5.7	3.1	-	-	0.21	0.03	7	-	-	24.4	15.8	0.3	0.4	40.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-3	81	28.4	-	-	-	-	-
3-16	78	18.4	126	6.4	-	-	-
16-26	85	24.7	105	2.3	-	-	-
26-38	89	30.2	115	1.8	-	-	-
38-60	128	33.5	133	1.5	-	-	-
60-78	123	32.6	157	1.2	-	-	-
78-123	139	29.4	300	0.7	-	-	-

Profile description

O -3-0 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)leaves highly,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Ah 0-13 cm	(10YR 4/3.5, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,moderate medium granular,hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,many many very fine coarse pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bt1 13-23 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)loam slightly gravelly,strong fine subangular blocky,very hard friable sticky plastic,patchy cutans,common common very fine coarse pores,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt2 23-35 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist)loam slightly gravelly,strong medium subangular blocky,very hard firm sticky plastic,continuous cutans,common common very fine coarse pores,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt3 35-57 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)loam slightly gravelly,moderate medium angular blocky,very hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,patchy cutans,common common very fine coarse pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
C 57-75 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)loam,massive,very hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,few few very fine coarse pores,abrupt irregular boundary to,
R 75-120 cm	sandy loam gravellyno cutans,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	coarse-grained basic igneous rock
Remarks on Parent Materials	granite

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Oak-chestnut forest
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	600m
Physiographic Unit	Cholomon
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	piedmont
Slope	10%
Slope Aspect	east
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-125cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	rocky
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	stony

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Reference soil Greece 13: Chromic Luvisol

Reference soil GR013: Chromic Luvisols

Classification