Reference soil Hungary 03: Luvisol

HU003

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU003: Luvisol

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: 130cm - effervesence

Classification

WRB 2014

Luvisol

Local classification:	Brown Forest Soil, clay illuv.

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-9	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.2	6.8	8.3	42	28.7	70.7	21
9-20	-	0	0.1	0.2	0.8	7.3	8.4	39.4	29.4	68.8	22.9
32-65	-	0	0.1	0.1	0.9	5.7	6.8	30.2	29.7	59.9	33.5
65-85	-	0	0	0.1	0.6	9.5	10.2	27.5	31.4	58.9	30.9
85-105	-	0	0	0.1	1	11	12.1	36.6	28.4	65	22.9
105-120	-	0	0	0.1	0.7	14.7	15.5	37.3	29.7	67	17.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-9	-	-	-	-	21
9-20	-	-	-	-	22.9
32-65	-	-	-	-	33.5
65-85	-	-	-	-	30.9
85-105	-	-	-	-	22.9
105-120	-	-	-	-	17.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-9	6.5	5.9	0.27	0	3.71	0.32	12	-	-	16.3	2.7	0.9	0.0	19.9
9-20	6.6	5.9	0.19	0.5	1.59	0.16	10	-	-	9.9	2.0	0.4	0.0	12.3
32-65	6.0	4.9	0.28	0	0.36	-	-	-	-	9.2	4.4	0.3	0.1	14
65-85	5.8	4.7	0.29	0	0.18	-	-	-	-	9.4	4.4	0.3	0.2	14.3
85-105	6.5	5.3	0.3	0	0.17	-	-	-	-	9.2	3.7	0.2	0.1	13.2
105-120	6.9	6.0	0.52	0.3	0.22	-	-	-	-	11.4	3.7	0.1	0.0	15.2

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-9	92	21.6	41	13	-	-	0
9-20	98	12.6	31	5.6	-	-	0
32-65	90	15.6	43	1.3	-	-	1
65-85	93	15.3	48	0.6	-	-	1
85-105	102	12.9	54	0.6	-	-	1
105-120	126	12.1	64	0.8	-	-	0

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-9	-	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	very weak	-
32-65	-	very weak	-	very weak to weak	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak	very weak	weak to medium	-
85-105	-	very weak	-	very weak to weak	-	-	weak	weak	very weak to weak	very weak	medium to strong	-

Profile description

Ah 0-9 cm	silt loam organicfine and medium granular,slightly porous (<40 vol%),wavy boundary to,
E 9-20 cm	silt loamfine platy and fine granular,hard,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt1 32-65 cm	silty clay loamsilt loam,medium and coarse angular blocky to medium prismatic,coarse subangular blocky to angular blocky,worm channels,gradual boundary to,gradual boundary to,
Bt2 65-105 cm	silty clay loamcoarse angular blocky to coarse prismatic,clay and humus on pedfaces cutans,diffuse boundary to,
Bt2 65-105 cm	silt loam

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Oak, ground cover of grass
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

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Reference soil Hungary 03: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil HU003: Luvisol

Classification