Reference soil Hungary 04: Luvisol

HU004

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU004: Luvisol

Classification

WRB 2014

Luvisol

Local classification:	Pseudogley

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	0	0.4	2.1	3.2	5.6	11.3	39.9	34	73.9	14.7
20-32	-	0.6	1.1	2.3	3.2	5.4	12.6	34.6	33.1	67.7	19.8
32-60	-	0.1	0.3	1.1	2.4	4.8	8.7	24.4	34.7	59.1	32.2
60-85	-	0.1	0.3	1.5	3	5.8	10.7	24.2	35.2	59.4	30.1
85-110	-	0.2	0.9	2.8	4.7	5.2	13.8	24	33.4	57.4	28.8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	-	14.7
20-32	-	-	-	-	19.8
32-60	-	-	-	-	32.2
60-85	-	-	-	-	30.1
85-110	-	-	-	-	28.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	7.3	6.7	0.22	0.4	1.01	0.10	10	-	-	13.1	1.7	0.1	0.0	14.9
20-32	6.4	5.4	0.16	0	0.79	0.09	9	-	-	7.7	2.4	0.1	0.0	10.2
32-60	5.5	4.3	0.12	0	0.33	-	-	-	-	9.3	5.8	0.3	0.4	15.8
60-85	5.8	4.3	0.11	0	0.23	-	-	-	-	9.7	6.1	0.2	0.2	16.2
85-110	5.8	4.2	0.09	0	0.22	-	-	-	-	9.0	5.8	0.1	0.2	15.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	134	11.1	52	3.5	-	-	0
20-32	93	11	41	2.8	-	-	0
32-60	95	16.7	48	1.2	-	-	2
60-85	122	13.3	42	0.8	-	-	2
85-110	119	12.7	41	0.8	-	-	2

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
32-60	very weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	weak	-	weak	-
85-110	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	-	weak	-

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	slope wash
Remarks on Parent Materials	loess-like

Major crops	maize
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming

Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

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Reference soil Hungary 04: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil HU004: Luvisol

Classification