Reference soil Hungary 10: Chernozem

HU010

Chernozems are typically found in the long-grass steppe regions of the world, particularly in Eastern Europe and North America (Canada and the USA).

Characteristics

Soils having a very dark mollic horizon (thick, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation) and secondary carbonates within 50 cm of the lower limit of the Ah horizon, but within 200 cm from the soil surface. They have no petrocalcic horizon between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface, no secondary gypsum and no uncoated sand and silt grains on structural pedfaces

Distribution of Chernozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU010: Chernozem

Classification

WRB 2014

Chernozem

Local classification:	Calcareous Meadow Chernozem

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-25	-	0.1	0.7	13.4	34.8	12.3	61.3	9.2	15.3	24.5	14.1
25-40	-	0.1	0.7	13	38.2	14	66	8.1	13.7	21.8	12.4
40-60	-	0	1	16.4	42.7	12.5	72.6	5.3	11.6	16.9	10.5
70-90	-	0.1	0.8	13.7	39.9	23.2	77.7	10.8	6.8	17.6	4.7
100-120	-	0.1	0.1	2.6	33	46.4	82.2	8	6.5	14.5	3.3

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-25	-	-	-	-	14.1
25-40	-	-	-	-	12.4
40-60	-	-	-	-	10.5
70-90	-	-	-	-	4.7
100-120	-	-	-	-	3.3

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-25	8.0	7.4	0.25	9.5	2.06	0.19	11	-	-	44.4	2.6	0.3	0.0	47.3
25-40	8.2	7.6	0.24	16.5	1.42	0.12	12	-	-	46.8	3.7	0.2	0.0	50.7
40-60	8.3	7.9	0.23	28.6	0.72	0.05	14	-	-	45.2	4.1	0.1	0.0	49.4
70-90	8.7	8.3	0.15	32.8	0.30	-	-	-	-	38.1	6.1	0	0.0	44.2
100-120	8.7	8.3	0.14	30.1	0.22	-	-	-	-	34.1	5.5	0	0.0	39.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-25	309	15.3	57	7.2	-	-	0
25-40	517	9.8	39	5	-	-	0
40-60	852	5.8	31	2.5	-	-	0
70-90	-	1.6	11	1.1	-	-	0
100-120	-	1.0	6	0.8	-	-	0

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-25	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	-	weak	very weak	-
40-60	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	-	weak	weak	-
100-120	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	weak	-	-

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Texture of parent material (second entry)	silty

Physiographic Unit	Danube valley
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	valley
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Depth to groundwater table	300cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed

You are here

Reference soil Hungary 10: Chernozem

Characteristics

Reference soil HU010: Chernozem

Classification