Reference soil Hungary 12: Solonetz

HU012

Solonetzes occur where a sodium source supplies the clay-rich subsoil with exchangeable Na, causing peptization of clay and organic substances and deterioration of the topsoil.

Characteristics

Soils having a natric horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon and more than 15% exchangeable sodium) within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU012: Solonetz

VEGETATION: species: Artemisia monogyna, Festuca pseudovina, Atropis /Puccinallia/ Limosa, few Lepidium kartilagineum, Statice Gmelini and Nostoc commune.

Classification

WRB 2014

Solonetz

Local classification:	Sodic Solonchak Solonetz

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	0.2	0.2	0.4	1.1	11.8	13.7	34.1	39.3	73.4	12.9
3-14	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4	4.8	5.5	19	49.6	68.6	26
14-26	-	0	0	0.2	0.7	3.7	4.6	12	51	63	32.4
26-39	-	0	0	0.5	2.9	10.5	13.9	13.9	43.2	57.1	28.9
39-52	-	0	0	0.4	2.7	14.7	17.8	13.5	38.3	51.8	30.5
52-67	-	0	0	0.2	2.7	17	19.9	14.5	33.8	48.3	31.9
67-87	-	0	0	0.3	4.2	31.5	36	19.5	24.6	44.1	19.9
87-105	-	0	0.1	0.2	19.5	44.5	64.3	12.1	11.3	23.4	12.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	-	-	-	12.9
3-14	-	-	-	-	26
14-26	-	-	-	-	32.4
26-39	-	-	-	-	28.9
39-52	-	-	-	-	30.5
52-67	-	-	-	-	31.9
67-87	-	-	-	-	19.9
87-105	-	-	-	-	12.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-3	8.1	7.4	0.43	16.1	3.40	0.30	11	-	-	36.9	3.8	0.4	2.6	43.7
3-14	10.1	8.6	1.21	20.4	1.27	0.11	12	-	-	37.9	4.7	0.3	8.4	51.3
14-26	10.5	9.5	1.78	20	0.83	0.08	10	-	-	37.5	4.5	0.4	21.8	64.2
26-39	10.5	9.4	1.68	21	0.42	-	-	-	-	36.2	4.5	0.4	18.2	59.3
39-52	10.5	9.3	1.2	28.3	0.28	-	-	-	-	37.7	6.1	0.4	12.5	56.7
52-67	10.4	9.3	1.11	44.7	0.25	-	-	-	-	45.4	12.9	0.2	13.8	72.3
67-87	10.4	9.0	0.74	39.4	0.22	-	-	-	-	47.2	14.0	0.1	8.0	69.3
87-105	10.1	8.6	0.56	30.9	0.19	-	-	-	-	46.2	5.9	0.1	4.8	57
105-125	9.4	8.4	0.73	32.4	0.21	-	-	-	-	47.0	5.2	0.1	4.8	57.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-3	390	11.2	-	11.9	-	-	23
3-14	398	12.9	33	4.4	-	-	65
14-26	526	12.2	29	2.9	-	-	179
26-39	486	12.2	37	1.5	-	-	149
39-52	506	11.2	33	1.0	-	-	112
52-67	761	9.5	27	0.9	-	-	145
67-87	-	6	26	0.8	-	-	133
87-105	-	4.6	31	0.7	-	-	104
105-125	-	3.5	-	0.7	-	-	137

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-3	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	very weak to weak	weak	-	-
14-26	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	very weak to weak	weak	-	-
39-52	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	very weak to weak	weak	-	-
67-87	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	weak	-
105-125	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak	weak to medium	-

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	calc. Danube deposit
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Poor natural pasture, see gen. remarks

Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Depth to groundwater table	170cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	moderately alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	moderately saline

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Reference soil Hungary 12: Solonetz

Characteristics

Reference soil HU012: Solonetz

Classification