Reference soil Hungary 13: Solonetz

HU013

Solonetzes occur where a sodium source supplies the clay-rich subsoil with exchangeable Na, causing peptization of clay and organic substances and deterioration of the topsoil.

Characteristics

Soils having a natric horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon and more than 15% exchangeable sodium) within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU013: Solonetz

MICRO RELIEF: Undulating. VEGETATION: species: Festuca pseudovina, Artemisia monogyna, Statice Gmelini, Nostoc commune.

Classification

WRB 2014

Solonetz

Local classification:	Calcareous Meadow Solonetz

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	0	0.1	0.8	2.4	17.3	20.6	39.2	25.4	64.6	14.8
3-14	-	0	0.1	0.2	2.6	14.1	17	32	25.8	57.8	25.2
14-27	-	0	0.1	0.1	1.6	13.4	15.2	27.1	22.8	49.9	34.9
27-37	-	0	0	0.1	0.8	12.6	13.5	27.6	27.1	54.7	31.8
37-52	-	0.3	0.5	0.4	1.1	10.1	12.4	29.9	34.3	64.2	23.4
52-66	-	0	0	0.1	0.4	10.4	10.9	32.2	38.2	70.4	18.7
66-86	-	0	0.1	0.1	1.1	28.8	30.1	35.1	24.1	59.2	10.6
86-105	-	0	0.1	0.1	1.7	31.2	33.1	37.9	20	57.9	9.1
105-125	-	0	0.1	0.1	0.5	16.1	16.8	44.6	27.4	72	11.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	-	-	-	14.8
3-14	-	-	-	-	25.2
14-27	-	-	-	-	34.9
27-37	-	-	-	-	31.8
37-52	-	-	-	-	23.4
52-66	-	-	-	-	18.7
66-86	-	-	-	-	10.6
86-105	-	-	-	-	9.1
105-125	-	-	-	-	11.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-3	8.7	7.6	0.66	27.6	3.8	0.30	13	-	-	51.5	3.5	0.5	6.7	62.2
3-14	10.0	8.5	1.43	16.5	1.45	0.11	13	-	-	49.3	4.8	0.4	22.1	76.6
14-27	10.4	9.4	2.4	40.8	0.69	0.05	14	-	-	43.4	6.1	0.3	31.6	81.4
27-37	10.4	9.6	2.16	56.3	0.49	-	-	-	-	48.6	7.4	0.2	26.2	82.4
37-52	10.4	9.4	1.48	53.1	0.31	-	-	-	-	44.1	6.0	0.1	14.1	64.3
52-66	10.3	9.1	0.88	36.6	0.22	-	-	-	-	40.7	5.3	0.1	8.1	54.2
66-86	10.1	8.9	0.82	25.5	0.20	-	-	-	-	40.7	3.9	0.1	6.5	51.2
86-105	10.0	8.8	0.63	26.2	0.18	-	-	-	-	39.3	3.6	0	5.0	47.9
105-125	10.0	8.7	0.65	32.4	0.16	-	-	-	-	46.2	4.5	0.1	5.8	56.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-3	394	15.8	17	13.3	-	-	42
3-14	464	16.5	45	5.1	-	-	134
14-27	631	12.9	30	2.4	-	-	245
27-37	824	10	26	1.7	-	-	262
37-52	919	7	25	1.1	-	-	201
52-66	934	5.8	27	0.8	-	-	140
66-86	-	3.9	30	0.7	-	-	167
86-105	-	3.5	32	0.6	-	-	143
105-125	-	3.9	29	0.6	-	-	149

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-3	very weak to weak	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak	strong	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
14-27	very weak to weak	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	medium to strong	-	very weak to weak	weak	-
37-52	weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	medium to strong	-	weak	weak	-
66-86	weak	very weak to weak	-	very weak to weak	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	very weak to weak	weak	-
105-125	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	very weak to weak	-	-	weak to medium	medium to strong	-	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	calc. Danube deposit
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Natural pasture, see general remarks

Depth to groundwater table	180cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	moderately alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	moderately saline

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Reference soil Hungary 13: Solonetz

Characteristics

Reference soil HU013: Solonetz

Classification