Reference soil Hungary 14: Orthic Solonetz

HU014

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU014: Orthic Solonetz

VEGETATION: species: Festuca pseudovina, Artemesia monogyna, Camphorosma ovata, Statice gmelini, Nostoc commune. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Probably accumulation of secondary carbonates in the lower part of the solum.

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-3	0	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.2	1.9	3	26.3	34.8	61.1	35.9
3-15	0	0.3	0.4	0.2	0.2	1.1	2.2	19.2	35.3	54.5	43.3
15-25	0	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.8	1.9	18.3	31.1	49.4	48.6
25-38	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	1.2	16.4	33.4	49.8	48.9
38-55	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.8	1.1	17.4	35.1	52.5	46.5
55-66	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	1	1.3	18.7	37.6	56.3	42.4
66-79	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.1	1.6	21	36.9	57.9	40.7
79-100	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.1	1.5	21.4	38.2	59.6	39
100-125	0	0	0.2	0.2	0.2	1.7	2.3	19.5	42.8	62.3	35.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	-	-	-	35.9
3-15	-	-	-	-	43.3
15-25	-	-	-	-	48.6
25-38	-	-	-	-	48.9
38-55	-	-	-	-	46.5
55-66	-	-	-	-	42.4
66-79	-	-	-	-	40.7
79-100	-	-	-	-	39
100-125	-	-	-	-	35.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-3	4.9	3.9	0.53	2	4.76	0.36	13	-	-	1.2	0.6	0.4	1.7	3.9
3-15	7.2	5.9	1.63	1.5	1.06	0.12	9	-	-	3.4	3.3	0.4	18.3	25.4
15-25	7.9	6.5	2.83	2.5	0.78	0.10	8	-	-	3.8	3.7	0.6	21.8	29.9
25-38	8.5	7.2	3.5	2.1	0.57	0.08	7	-	-	3.0	3.8	0.7	23.4	30.9
38-55	9.1	7.8	3.3	2.2	0.50	0.06	8	-	-	3.4	3.7	0.7	22.5	30.3
55-66	9.4	8.1	3	13.6	0.50	0.06	8	-	-	5.2	2.8	0.5	19.6	28.1
66-79	9.5	8.2	2.26	17.3	0.47	0.05	9	-	-	4.8	2.6	0.4	18.7	26.5
79-100	9.6	8.1	1.78	14.4	0.38	0.07	5	-	-	5.0	2.4	0.4	17.7	25.5
100-125	9.6	8.1	1.46	14.1	0.29	0.05	6	-	-	4.8	2.2	0.3	16.9	24.2

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-3	28	13.7	-	16.7	-	-	24
3-15	96	26.4	53	3.7	-	-	109
15-25	99	30.1	57	2.7	-	-	118
25-38	100	30.8	60	2.0	-	-	116
38-55	104	29.1	59	1.8	-	-	124
55-66	115	24.4	52	1.8	-	-	149
66-79	122	21.7	50	1.6	-	-	163
79-100	128	20	51	1.3	-	-	143
100-125	125	19.3	55	1.0	-	-	125

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-3	53.3	21.3	7.9	0.1	1.65	3.92	-	1.28
3-15	53.6	22.1	10.4	0.08	2.22	3.36	-	0.87
15-25	52.6	22.3	10.4	0.08	2.48	3.47	-	0.77
25-38	52.5	22.3	10.5	0.09	2.68	3.5	-	0.76
38-55	51.4	22.2	10.8	0.13	2.84	3.39	-	0.77
55-66	51.5	22.1	10.8	0.15	2.93	3.14	-	0.81
66-79	51.7	21.9	10.9	0.23	2.98	3.02	-	0.87
79-100	51.4	22	10.9	0.14	2.96	2.95	-	0.86
100-125	51.3	22.3	10.9	0.17	2.95	2.97	-	0.82

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-3	0.15	0.56	7.9	98.1	4.2	18	3.4	4.2
3-15	0.24	0.2	6.9	100	4.1	13.7	3.2	3.3
15-25	0.14	0.15	6.9	99.3	4	13.5	3.1	3.4
25-38	0.13	0.17	7	99.6	4	13.3	3.1	3.3
38-55	0.13	0.26	7.3	99.2	3.9	12.7	3	3.2
55-66	0.1	0.3	7.4	99.2	4	12.7	3	3.2
66-79	0.13	0.35	7.5	99.6	4	12.6	3	3.2
79-100	0.14	0.33	7.7	99.4	4	12.6	3	3.2
100-125	0.09	0.27	7.6	99.4	3.9	12.5	3	3.2

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-3	9.0	0.43	2.4	1.72	0.52	-	77.6	1.07
3-15	13.2	0.45	5.3	2.29	1.37	-	70.4	0.98
15-25	14.5	0.46	5.7	2.56	1.52	-	66.8	0.92
25-38	15.2	0.43	6.1	2.68	1.96	-	66.0	0.91
38-55	15.1	0.62	6.1	2.65	2.13	-	65.7	0.92
55-66	13.2	6.71	5.4	2.22	2.15	-	58.5	0.82
66-79	12.6	8.71	5.1	2.09	2.23	-	56.3	0.78
79-100	13.3	7.26	5.2	2.17	2.2	-	60.4	0.82
100-125	12.8	6.67	5.1	2.12	2.59	-	58.1	0.82

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-3	5.9	9.4	0.06	0.14	14.6	86.1	12.5
3-15	3.9	5.2	0.15	0.08	9.1	35.4	7.2
15-25	4.0	5.1	0.09	0.08	7.8	31.2	6.3
25-38	3.9	5.0	0.09	0.10	7.4	28.8	5.9
38-55	3.9	5.0	0.09	0.15	7.4	28.7	5.9
55-66	3.8	9.6	0.09	0.18	7.5	28.8	6.0
66-79	3.9	11.1	0.68	0.17	7.6	29.4	6.0
79-100	4.0	9.8	0.09	0.15	7.7	30.9	6.2
100-125	3.9	9.4	0.09	0.14	7.7	30.3	6.1

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-3	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	very weak to weak
3-15	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
15-25	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-
25-38	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
38-55	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
55-66	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
66-79	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
79-100	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-
100-125	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	strong	-

Soluble sands

Depth (cm)	Ca mmol(c)/kg	Mg mmol(c)/kg	K mmol(c)/kg	Na mmol(c)/kg	sum cations mmol(c)/kg	CO3 mmol(c)/kg	HCO3 mmol(c)/kg	Cl mmol(c)/kg	NO3 mmol(c)/kg	SO4 mmol(c)/kg	sum anions mmol(c)/kg
0-3	0.01	0	0.02	1.03	1.06	0	0.22	0.27	-	0.84	1.33
3-15	0.14	0.21	0.37	5.88	6.6	0	1.09	0.28	-	4.56	5.93
15-25	0.01	0	0.02	9.78	9.81	0	0.78	0.3	-	9.09	10.17
25-38	0.01	0	0.01	11.03	11.05	0	0.73	0.3	-	9.56	10.59
38-55	0.01	0	0.02	12.16	12.19	0.73	1.9	0.3	-	9.09	12.02
55-66	0.01	0	0.01	11.48	11.5	1.55	3.84	0.3	-	2.69	8.38
66-79	0.01	0	0.02	9.91	9.94	2.06	10.92	0.3	-	1.99	15.27
79-100	0.01	0	0.01	8.43	8.45	3.37	8.75	0.3	-	2.98	15.4
100-125	0.01	0	0.02	6.72	6.75	3.03	3.62	0.3	-	1.86	8.81

Depth (cm)	Sodium ads. ratio	pH e	EC e dS/m	EC 1 : 5 dS/m
0-3	14.14	-	-	0.26
3-15	15.23	-	-	0.8
15-25	138.59	-	-	1.71
25-38	155.56	-	-	1.85
38-55	172.53	-	-	1.95
55-66	162.63	-	-	1.76
66-79	140.01	-	-	1.56
79-100	118.79	-	-	1.15
100-125	94.75	-	-	0.9

Profile description

Ah 0-3 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, dry)silty clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,
Btn1 3-15 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry)silty clay,moderate coarse columnar and moderate coarse prismatic,
Btn2 15-55 cm	greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, dry)silty clay,moderate fine angular blocky,
BCkn 55-79 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, dry)silty clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,
Cn 79- cm	pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4, dry)silty clay loam,weak coarse subangular blocky,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	calcareous
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	main species : see remarks

Altitude	90m
Physiographic Unit	plain with microrelief "Padka"
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly saline

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Reference soil Hungary 14: Orthic Solonetz

Reference soil HU014: Orthic Solonetz

Classification