Reference soil Hungary 19: Histosol

HU019

Large areas of Histosols are found in the circumpolar region of the northern hemisphere, as well as in Southeast Asia. Histosols are formed in 'organic material' with physical, chemical and mechanical properties that differ strongly from those of mineral soil materials. Organic soil material accumaulates in conditions where plant matter is produced by a climax vegetation and where decomposition is slow.

Characteristics

Soils having a histic or folic horizon (wet or dry organic horizons, respectively) either 10 cm or more thick if overlying a lithic or paralithic contact, or 40 cm or more thick and starting within 30 cm from the soil surface. Histosols do not have an andic or vitric horizon that starts within 30 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Histosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil HU019: Histosol

VEGETATION: Species: Carex sp., Juncus sp., Phragmites communis.

Classification

WRB 2014

Histosol

Local classification:	Peat Bog

Location:

Nádasladány, Sárrét Plain, Transdanubia, approx. 75km SW of Budapest

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	0	0	0.5	0.3	0.9	1.7	10.7	67.8	78.5	19.8
50-80	:	-	7.6	23.7	17.6	15.3	16.8	81	3.8	7.6	11.4	7.6

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	-	-	-	19.8
50-80	:	-	-	-	-	7.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-8	:	6.2	5.9	2.85	-	38.0	2.51	15	-	-	85.7	19.5	0.1	1.2	106.5
50-80	:	6.3	6.1	2.88	-	45.8	2.40	19	-	-	123.8	32.7	0.1	1.0	157.6

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-8	:	189.6	-	-	-	56	-	1
50-80	:	170.5	-	-	-	92	-	1

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-8	:	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-
50-80	:	weak	weak	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	-	-	-	-

Rare clay minerals:

Depth (cm)		Pyroxene	Amphibole	Calcite	Lepidocrocite	Pyrophyllite	Weddelite	Augite
0-8	:	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	-
50-80	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

H1 0-8 cm	:	black (10YR 2/1, dry),
H2 8-120 cm	:	black (10YR 2/1, dry),

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation	not apparent
Slope Stability	stable

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	110m asl
Regional landform	delta
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	Mezöföld loess plateau
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	0 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	depression

Depth of groundwater table	40cm
Kind of groundwater table	groundwater table observed
Runoff	ponded
Flooding frequency	yearly
Nature of floodwater	fresh
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
To Drainage Class	very poor
Moist From - To	0-40cm
Wet From - To	40-120cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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Reference soil Hungary 19: Histosol

Characteristics

Reference soil HU019: Histosol

Classification