Reference soil Indonesia 06: Gleysol

ID006

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID006: Gleysols

LOCATION: between Blangkejeren basin in Central Rift Valley and Blangpidie on the Westcoast, Gunung Leuser National Park. GEOLOGY: Eocene-Miocene regressive sediments, mixture of kaolinite, halloysite and gibbsite. CLIMATE: the mean annual temperature at site is be estimated to be 8 °C. VEGETATION: "blang vegetation", subalpine zone. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ah - when the soil dries out, horizontal (polygon-forms) and vertical cracks occur. Bg - mottling decreases with depth. Bg - after drying out of the soil in the laboratory, horizontal cracks occur along the sedimentation structures. Cg - after drying out of the soil in the laboratory, horizontal cracks occur along the sedimentation structures. C - clayey and sandy layers alternate. REFERENCES: - Van Beek, C.C.G., 1982. Een geomorfologische bodemkundige studie van het Gunung Leuser nationale park, Noord Sumatra, Indonesie (in Dutch). Utrechtse geografische studies 26. Geografisch instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Classification

WRB 2006

Haplic- Gleysol (Hyperdystric Clayic)

12-32 cm	cambic horizon
-	gleyic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions

12-32 cm	cambic horizon
-	gleyic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Dystric Gleysol

Dystric Gleysol

0-12 cm	ochric A horizon
12-32 cm	cambic B horizon
-	gleyic

0-12 cm	ochric A horizon
12-32 cm	cambic B horizon
-	hydromorphic

Local classification:	Loser Blang profile

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Cryaquept perudic clayey mixed isofrigid

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
2-12	-	2.3	0.7	2.0	8.7	5.6	19.3	12.2	37.0	49.2	31.5
12-32	-	0.1	0.2	0.2	1.1	1.4	3	4.3	30.0	34.3	62.6
32-97	-	2.2	3.2	5.4	41.3	15.4	67.5	6.0	9.9	15.9	16.6
97-	-	0.4	0.9	2.1	13.6	8.2	25.2	5.8	27.3	33.1	41.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
2-12	0.520	-	-	-	31.5
12-32	1.260	-	-	-	62.6
32-97	1.630	-	-	-	16.6
97-	-	-	-	-	41.6
97-97	1.050	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
2-12	0.520	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
12-32	1.260	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
32-97	1.630	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
97-97	1.050	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
2-12	4.5	3.5	0.08	-	6.15	0.68	9	9.2	6	0.8	0.2	0.4	0.3	1.7
12-32	4.3	3.4	0.04	-	1.12	0.16	7	-	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4
32-97	4.7	3.8	0.02	-	0.15	0.03	5	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.4
97-	4.6	4.0	0.05	-	1.06	0.13	8	-	-	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
2-12	8	22.2	70	21.5	-	27	1
12-32	2	23.4	37	3.9	-	-	1
32-97	9	4.4	27	0.5	-	-	7
97-	5	11.7	28	3.7	-	-	2

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
2-12	7.7	-	-	0.20	0.00	1.04	0.14	0.35	0.14	-	0.89
12-32	8.7	-	-	0.32	0.00	2.26	0.21	0.32	0.20	-	0.63
32-97	8.0	-	-	0.06	0.00	0.10	0.03	0.02	0.04	-	0.04
97-	9.7	-	-	0.24	0.00	0.03	0.15	0.03	0.18	-	0.01

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
2-12	46.6	26.8	5.5	0.07	1.10	3.96	-	1.40
12-32	46.4	29.3	6.4	0.02	1.22	4.82	-	0.87
32-97	45.8	29.4	2.6	0.02	1.15	5.70	-	0.66
97-	48.4	32.2	2.1	0.05	1.35	6.13	-	2.00

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
2-12	0.02	0.38	12.5	98.4	3.0	22.9	2.6	-
12-32	0.02	0.27	9.4	98.8	2.7	19.6	2.4	-
32-97	0.02	0.38	11.5	97.3	2.6	47.6	2.5	-
97-	0.02	0.22	9.4	98.3	2.8	83.2	2.6	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
2-12	8.0	0.03	1.8	1.28	0.32	-	71.9	0.94
12-32	19.5	0.01	4.5	3.39	0.78	-	63.1	1.08
32-97	7.1	0.00	0.6	1.54	0.26	-	87.9	0.41
97-	16.8	0.00	1.2	3.58	0.75	-	70.8	0.76

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
2-12	7.0	16.3	0.01	0.04	15.3	106.3	13.3
12-32	6.8	9.2	0.02	0.03	5.5	37.3	4.8
32-97	18.6	2.2	0.01	0.0	21.0	390.0	19.9
97-	22.0	6.4	0.01	0.06	7.2	157.1	6.8

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
2-12	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium	small	very small	medium	-	-
12-32	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium	-	medium	small	-	-
32-97	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium	large	-	small	-	-
97-	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium	medium	-	small	-	-

Rare clay minerals

Depth (cm)	Amphibole	Augite	Calcite	Lepidococrite	Pyrophillite	Pyroxene	Weddelite
2-12	-	-	-	very small	-	-	-
12-32	-	-	-	medium	-	-	-
32-97	-	-	-	small	-	-	-

Profile description

Oi 0-2 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist),organic slightly,clay loam,abrupt boundary to,
Bg 12-32 cm	(10YR 8/1.5, moist)clay,few mottles (7.5 YR 5/8),
Cg 32-52 cm	white (10YR 8/2, moist)sandy loam,abrupt boundary to,
2C 52- cm	white (10YR 8/1, moist)clay,massive,around nodules stone fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Remarks on Parent Materials	Kemiri Series (Eocene-Miocene)
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: "Blang vegetation", subalpine zone: low shrubs, grasses, scattered low trees
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	shrub

Altitude	3090m
Physiographic Unit	plateau on top of geanticline
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Wet From To	0-50cm

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Reference soil Indonesia 06: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID006: Gleysols

Classification