Reference soil Indonesia 09: Acrisol

ID009

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID009: Acrisols

LOCATION: Alas rift valley, Gunung Leuser National Park. PHYSIOGRAPHY: position of site is 20 meters above present river bed. CLIMATE: the mean annual temperature at site can be estimated to be 25 °C. VEGETATION/LAND USE: transition primary lowland zone to colline zone; the area is locally used for small scale production of coffee and kemiri, some deficiency in K and P. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Bt - colour tends to 10YR 5/6; cutans occur also in thin pores and consist of clay and silt; structure after drying out in laboratory. BC - structure after drying out in laboratory; transition horizon to the parent material, horizontal layered fluvial sediment; horizontal cracks along sedimentation layers after drying out. C - colour tends to 10YR 6/8; structure after drying out in laboratory; stone content increasing with depth. REFERENCES: - Van Beek, C.C.G., 1982. Een geomorfologische bodemkundige studie van het Gunung Leuser nationale park, Noord Sumatra, Indonesie (in Dutch). Utrechtse geografische studies 26. Geografisch instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Classification

WRB 2006

Cutanic- Acrisol (Hyperdystric)

30-65 cm

argic horizon

30-65 cm

argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Xanthi-Haplic Acrisol

Ferric Acrisol

0-30 cm	ochric A horizon
30-65 cm	argic B horizon
-	ferralic

0-30 cm	ochric A horizon
30-65 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric

Local classification:	Ketambe profile

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Typic Hapludand

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
5-30	-	5.1	9.4	11.5	15.3	8.0	47.7	9.8	14.7	18.3	26.3
30-65	-	6.0	9.9	10.1	13.5	8.2	50	5.3	13.0	22.5	34.1
85-	-	6.2	8.8	10.5	15.2	9.3	-	7.3	15.2	-	27.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-30	-	-	-	6.9	26.3
30-65	1.110	-	-	-	34.1
85-	-	-	-	-	27.4

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
30-65	1.110	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
5-30	4.7	4.1	0.30	-	1.56	0.09	5	-	-	1.8	0.7	0.4	0.4	0.6
30-65	5.0	4.2	0.03	-	0.44	0.07	6	-	-	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	1.0
85-	4.6	3.7	0.04	-	0.40	-	-	-	-	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.4	-

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
5-30	8	7.4	22	5.5	-	-	4
30-65	14	7.1	26	1.5	-	-	4
85-	-	-	-	1.4	-	-	6

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
5-30	8.4	-	-	0.28	0.00	2.18	0.47	0.67	0.26	-	0.26
30-65	9.0	-	-	0.28	0.00	2.63	0.53	0.40	0.15	-	0.27
85-	9.0	-	-	0.21	0.00	2.39	0.43	0.14	0.08	-	0.21

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
5-30	29.4	37.1	10.6	0.04	0.82	1.86	-	0.67
30-65	28.4	38.0	10.7	0.03	0.67	1.58	-	0.63
85-	28.0	38.8	10.8	0.02	0.62	1.46	-	0.62

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
5-30	0.27	0.49	18.0	99.2	1.4	7.5	1.1	-
30-65	0.22	0.43	19.6	100.2	1.3	7.2	1.1	-
85-	0.17	0.30	19.9	100.6	1.2	7.0	1.0	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
5-30	15.9	0.03	4.1	3.15	0.45	-	67.0	0.52
30-65	17.6	0.02	4.6	3.08	0.44	-	65.1	0.54
85-	17.1	0.02	4.5	3.2	0.4	-	66.0	0.5

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
5-30	6.1	9.5	0.19	0.08	7.2	43.5	6.1
30-65	6.0	7.9	0.19	0.07	6.3	37.7	5.4
85-	6.0	7.5	0.2	0.0	6.6	39.0	5.6

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
5-30	-	-	large	medium	-	-	medium	medium	small	-	-	small
30-65	-	-	large	medium	-	-	medium	medium	small	-	-	small

Profile description

Oi 0-5 cm	(7.5YR 2/3, moist)organic slightly,abrupt boundary to,
Ah 5-30 cm	(10YR 4/3.5, moist)sandy clay loam,fine crumb,many pores,few termite channels,clear boundary to,
Bt 30-65 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)sandy clay loam,subangular blocky to prismatic,clay on pedfaces cutans,no fragments,few termite channels,gradual boundary to,
65-85 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,prismatic,very few fine gravel rounded stone fragments,diffuse boundary to,
C 85- cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)sandy clay loam,structureless single grain,very few stone fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	fluvial sediments
Texture of parent material	loamy

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Transition primary lowland zone to colline zone LANDUSE: Area is locally used for small-scale production of coffee and kemiri; some deficiency in K and P
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Altitude	450m
Physiographic Unit	middle terrace of Alas river
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Moist From - To	0-80cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

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Reference soil Indonesia 09: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID009: Acrisols

Classification