Reference soil Indonesia 16: Regosol

ID016

Distribution of Regosols

A1 - also many very fine and few coarse roots. B1 - also few medium roots. C1 - also few medium roots. C2 - also few medium roots. C3 - also few medium roots. REFERENCES: - Sastrapradja, D., Soemodihardjo, S., Soemartadipura, A., Soegiarto, A., Adisoemarto, S., Kusumadinata, K., Birowo, S., Riswan, S. & Lapian, A.B. (eds.), 1985. Proceedings of the Symposium on 100 Years Development of Krakatau and Its Surroundings, Jakarta, 23-27 August 1983. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (Indonesian Institute of Sciences), Jakarta.

WRB 2006:

Haplic Regosol(Tephric Hyposodic Siltic)
	tephric material

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Orthi-

Eutric Regosol

0-12 cm

ochric A horizon

0-12 cm

ochric A horizon

Other classification

Classification (other)

Deep, somewhat excessive drained soil with yellowish brown colours and very high cation exchange capacity and base saturation. The soil developed in volcanic ash layers with textures ranging from gravelly coarse sand to silt loam. The topsoil

Location:

Rakata Island, between Java and Sumatra

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
3-12	:	0	0.7	2.1	4.5	17.7	11.9	-	15.7	33.8	-	13.5
12-18	:	4	5.1	6.4	5.2	6.1	6.2	-	13.7	43.0	-	14.4
18-28	:	8	10.9	11.7	9.4	7.1	5.4	-	10.8	34.3	-	10.4
28-40	:	10	10.0	11.7	10.0	7.9	6.4	-	9.3	35.0	-	9.8
40-47	:	2	4.2	6.1	6.4	7.1	6.2	-	12.0	47.3	-	10.7
47-53	:	13	11.5	11.9	10.1	8.8	5.7	-	8.8	34.6	-	8.5
53-123	:	21	13.0	12.1	9.5	8.0	5.4	-	9.7	35.2	-	7.1

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
3-12	:	-	-	-	-	13.5
12-18	:	-	-	-	-	14.4
18-28	:	-	-	-	-	10.4
28-40	:	-	-	-	-	9.8
40-47	:	-	-	-	-	10.7
47-53	:	-	-	-	-	8.5
53-123	:	-	-	-	-	7.1

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
3-12	:	6.7	6.1	-	3.8	11.90	-	-	-	-	32.7	14.0	1.5	0.7	-
12-18	:	6.1	4.8	-	-	1.31	-	-	-	-	5.4	2.4	1.0	0.4	-
18-28	:	6.4	4.8	-	-	0.47	-	-	-	-	4.4	1.7	0.8	0.5	-
28-40	:	6.6	4.7	-	0.8	0.29	-	-	-	-	4.2	1.8	0.8	0.5	-
40-47	:	6.7	4.6	-	1.0	0.21	-	-	-	-	5.2	2.4	1.1	1.0	-
47-53	:	6.7	4.5	-	1.0	0.13	-	-	-	-	4.2	2.5	0.9	0.6	-
53-123	:	6.9	4.7	-	1.0	0.10	-	-	-	-	3.4	2.2	0.7	0.2	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
3-12	:	-	-	41.6	-	-	-	1
12-18	:	-	-	4.6	-	-	-	3
18-28	:	-	-	1.6	-	-	-	5
28-40	:	-	-	1.0	-	-	-	6
40-47	:	-	-	0.7	-	-	-	10
47-53	:	-	-	0.5	-	-	-	7
53-123	:	-	-	0.4	-	-	-	3

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
3-12	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.10	-	-	-
12-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-
18-28	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-
28-40	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	-	-	-
40-47	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.00	-	-	-
47-53	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	-	-	-
53-123	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.00	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
3-12	:	small	-	-	-	small	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
12-18	:	small	small	-	small	small	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
18-28	:	medium	small	-	small	medium	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
28-40	:	medium	small	-	small	medium	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
40-47	:	medium	small	-	small	medium	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
47-53	:	medium	small	-	small	large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
53-123	:	medium	small	-	small	large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-

Profile description:

O 0-3 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist), abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah 3-12 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist), loam gravelly, weak fine and medium subangular blocky, friable non sticky non plastic, many very fine fine pores and common pores, gradual smooth boundary to,
BA 12-18 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, moist), silt loam gravelly, weak medium and coarse subangular blocky, friable non sticky non plastic, common very fine medium pores, clear smooth boundary to,
BC 18-28 cm	(10YR 6.5/3, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist), silt loam gravelly, massive, friable non sticky non plastic, common fine faint mottles (10YR 6/6), common very fine medium pores, clear smooth boundary to,
2C1 28-40 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry) brown (10YR 5/3, moist), loamy sand gravelly, weak fine subangular blocky to massive, friable non sticky non plastic, common fine faint mottles (10YR 6/6) and (10YR 6/6), many very fine fine pores and few pores, abrupt smooth boundary to,
3C2 40-47 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, dry) greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist), silt loam, massive, very friable non sticky non plastic, common fine faint mottles (10YR 5/6), few very fine fine pores, clear smooth boundary to,
4C3 47-53 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, dry) pale brown (10YR 6/3, moist), sandy loam, massive, friable non sticky non plastic, common fine faint mottles (10YR 5/6), few very fine fine pores, abrupt smooth boundary to,
5C4 53-123 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry) greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist), coarse sand gravelly, massive, friable non sticky non plastic, few very fine fine pores,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	ejecta ash
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	ejecta ash
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	mixed
Remarks on Parent Materials	deposits of the Krakatau 1883 eruption

Current land use at the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Status of vegetation	secondary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Dense undergrowth of ferns

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	100 m asl
Regional landform	hill
Topography of the surrounding country	steeply dissected
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	lower ridge
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	8 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	slope

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height
Rockiness
Stoniness
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost
Evidence of salt
Evidence of alkali

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Reference soil Indonesia 16: Regosol