Reference soil Indonesia 43: Regosol

ID043

Regosols are found in areas where soil has been eroded to the extent that the underlying unconsolidated materials come near to the surface, or where soil formation has not played an important role, e.g. in desert regions. The name comes from the greek 'rhegos' :blanket meaning young soils on weathering materials.

Characteristics

Soils in medium and fine textured materials, having no distinctive horizons other than an ochric horizon at the surface.

Distribution of Regosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID043: Regosols

LAND USE AND VEGETATION: Covered hills, surrounding dominated by tree crops, fruittrees, fallow and some fields. EROSION: Moderate to severe erosion exists in this area. In case of traditional cultivation no erosion problems. Recent road building has increased erosion in the area. Field pH-method used is Hellige. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: C1 - Other matrix colours are 10YR5/6 and 10YR7/3. C2 - Second matrix colour is 10YR8/4.

Classification

WRB 2006

Haplic- Regosol (Hyperdystric Arenic)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Areni-Dystric Regosol

Dystric Cambisol

0-18 cm

ochric A horizon

0-18 cm

ochric A horizon

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-9	-	3.4	17.0	19.6	13.7	6.5	60.2	6.5	15.2	21.7	18.0
9-18	-	9.5	23.3	17.2	12.3	5.1	67.4	5.9	12.5	18.4	14.1
18-30	-	8.6	24.4	17.7	12.6	6.5	69.8	7.4	14.4	21.8	8.4
30-65	-	10.0	25.2	17.6	12.8	5.7	71.3	7.1	15.2	22.3	6.4
65-150	-	10.8	27.6	19.0	14.4	5.3	77.1	8.9	9.8	18.7	4.1

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
2-7	0.930	-	-	-	-
0-9	-	-	-	-	18.0
9-14	0.960	-	-	-	-
9-18	-	-	-	-	14.1
18-30	-	-	-	-	8.4
23-28	1.150	-	-	-	-
30-65	-	-	-	-	6.4
55-60	1.230	-	-	-	-
65-150	-	-	-	-	4.1

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
2-7	0.930	56.8	51.0	45.8	41.5	38.2	35.6	17.8	13.7
9-14	0.960	57.6	46.7	41.6	36.6	33.6	31.8	15.8	11.2
23-28	1.150	48.3	44.7	32.6	25.2	22.1	20.1	9.7	7.0
55-60	1.230	45.2	42.8	34.0	27.7	24.8	21.9	8.6	6.1

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-9	4.8	4.0	0.04	-	4.00	0.15	27	4.1	3.6	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.8
9-18	4.5	4.0	0.13	-	3.40	0.14	24	3.7	2.9	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.7
18-30	4.8	4.4	0.05	-	0.30	0.03	10	1.3	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.4	0.5
30-65	4.9	4.4	0.05	-	0.10	0.02	5	1.0	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.6	0.7
65-150	5.0	4.5	0.03	-	0.00	0.02	0	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-9	6	13.1	73	13.1	-	27	2
9-18	7	10.6	75	11.9	-	27	2
18-30	12	4.2	50	1.1	-	31	10
30-65	29	2.4	38	0.4	-	38	25
65-150	16	1.9	46	0.0	-	32	16

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-9	-	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.30	-	-	-	-
9-18	-	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.30	-	-	-	-
18-30	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-
30-65	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-
65-150	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-9	-	-	5.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
9-18	-	-	5.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
18-30	-	-	2.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
30-65	-	-	1.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
65-150	-	-	0.8	-	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-9	15.0	0.00	2.0	3.48	0.25	-	66.7	0.20
9-18	14.4	0.00	1.7	4.08	0.24	-	68.1	0.17
18-30	16.1	0.00	1.7	3.66	0.26	-	72.7	0.20
30-65	16.0	0.00	1.8	3.74	0.27	-	73.2	0.19
65-150	14.0	0.00	1.7	4.31	0.24	-	75.1	0.17

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-9	11.8	12.8	0.01	0.07	7.5	88.8	7.0
9-18	13.3	11.3	0.01	0.07	8.0	106.6	7.5
18-30	14.9	5.6	0.01	0.04	7.7	113.8	7.2
30-65	13.9	5.1	0.01	0.04	7.8	108.3	7.2
65-150	12.9	4.6	0.01	0.04	9.1	117.6	8.4

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-9	-	-	-	small	-	-	very large	small	medium	-	-	-
9-18	-	-	-	small	-	-	very large	small	medium	-	-	-
18-30	-	-	-	small	-	-	very large	small	small	-	-	-
30-65	-	-	-	small	-	-	very large	small	small	-	-	-
65-150	-	-	-	small	-	-	very large	small	small	-	-	-

Trace elements

Depth (cm)	As mg/kg	Ba mg/kg	Cd mg/kg	Co mg/kg	Cr mg/kg	Cu mg/kg	Mn mg/kg
0-9	-	259	-	90	36	13	-
9-18	-	323	-	46	10	5	-
18-30	-	329	-	21	11	5	-
30-65	-	302	-	13	11	8	-
65-150	-	438	-	42	15	5	-

Depth (cm)	Mo mg/kg	Ni mg/kg	Pb mg/kg	Sr mg/kg	V mg/kg	Zn mg/kg
0-9	-	17	28	19	22	10
9-18	-	16	36	23	15	5
18-30	-	18	30	22	16	7
30-65	-	20	31	22	16	10
65-150	-	22	33	28	13	7

Profile description

Ah1 0-9 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist)silt loam leaves highly,weak fine and medium granular and structureless single grain,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,few very fine discontinuous exped and inped tubular random pores and discontinuous exped and inped tubular random pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,few worm channels,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah2 9-18 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam leaves highly,weak fine and medium granular and structureless single grain,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,few fine discontinuous exped tubular random pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,few worm channels,non-cemented pans,clear wavy boundary to,
B 18-30 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)loamy coarse sand,weakly coherent,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,few very fine discontinuous exped tubular random pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,no,non-cemented pans,gradual wavy boundary to,
C1 30-65 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, dry)coarse sand,structureless,friable non sticky non plastic,no cutans,no pores,no inclusions,no fragments,no,non-cemented pans,diffuse wavy boundary to,
C2 65-150 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/4, dry)coarse sand,structureless,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,no pores,no inclusions,no fragments,no,non-cemented pans,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	coarse-grained acid igneous rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Soil Depth	70cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	not apparent
Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Intensity of the soil erosion type (second entry)	moderate
Soil erosion type	sheet
Soil erosion type (second entry)	sheet
Slope stability	locally unstable

Major crops	perennial crops
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	low level arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LANDUSE: Tree crops, fruit trees, fallow and some fields
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	shifting
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	degraded
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Altitude	340m
Physiographic Unit	upper part of hill
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	hill
Slope	12%
Slope Aspect	south-west
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	steeply dissected

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Dry From - To	60-150cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-60cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Indonesia 43: Regosol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID043: Regosols

Classification