Reference soil Indonesia 46: Cambisol

ID046

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID046: Cambisols

Field pH-method is Hellige.

Classification

WRB 2006

Ferralic- Cambisol (Dystric Siltic Chromic)

52-107 cm	cambic horizon
-	ferralic

52-107 cm	cambic horizon
-	ferralic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Dystri-Ferralic Cambisol

Ferralic Cambisol

0-52 cm	ochric A horizon
52-107 cm	cambic B horizon
-	ferralic

0-52 cm	ochric A horizon
52-107 cm	cambic B horizon
-	ferralic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-12	-	0.7	5.6	4.3	9.6	12.5	32.7	14.9	11.2	26.1	41.2
12-52	-	0.6	4.5	2.9	5.8	8.4	22.2	5.3	14.4	19.7	58.2
52-67	-	0.4	2.0	1.7	6.0	12.4	22.5	11.2	11.2	22.4	55.0
67-127	-	0.1	0.9	0.7	8.6	17.8	28.1	10.1	15.8	25.9	46.0

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
3-8	1.230	-	-	-	-
0-12	-	-	-	-	41.2
12-52	-	-	-	-	58.2
21-26	1.250	-	-	-	-
44-49	1.230	-	-	-	-
52-67	-	-	-	-	55.0
67-127	-	-	-	-	46.0

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
3-8	1.230	49.2	48.2	46.1	42.8	41.1	38.6	25.2	22.1
21-26	1.250	49.3	48.7	45.8	42.4	41.0	39.6	30.9	28.8
44-49	1.230	51.0	50.5	48.1	45.2	43.9	42.7	33.0	29.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-12	5.8	4.8	0.05	-	2.40	0.24	10	0.1	0	9.1	2.1	0.4	1.3	12.9
12-52	5.3	4.6	0.03	-	0.40	0.08	5	0.2	0	3.6	0.7	0.1	0.2	4.6
52-67	4.9	4.0	0.05	-	0.30	0.05	6	3.6	3.1	3.2	1.1	0.1	0.3	4.7
67-127	5.4	4.0	0.02	-	0.40	0.04	10	-	-	12.6	1.4	0.1	0.3	14.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-12	98	13.1	32	8.4	-	0	10
12-52	47	9.7	17	1.4	-	0	2
52-67	32	14.5	26	1.1	-	21	2
67-127	54	26.6	58	1.4	-	-	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-12	-	-	-	-	-	3.10	0.40	-	-	-	-
12-52	-	-	-	-	-	2.40	0.40	-	-	-	-
52-67	-	-	-	-	-	2.80	0.40	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-12	-	-	9.5	-	-	-	-	-	-
12-52	-	-	15.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
52-67	-	-	12.5	-	-	-	-	-	-
67-127	-	-	6.5	-	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-12	14.8	0.25	4.8	0.12	0.42	-	64.6	0.87
12-52	21.7	0.22	6	0.09	0.47	-	59.2	0.85
52-67	21.6	0.12	5.8	0.30	0.66	-	59.5	0.68
67-127	20.1	0.44	5.2	0.59	1.45	-	61.8	0.62

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-12	4.8	14.5	0.18	0.21	7.4	35.8	6.1
12-52	5.7	11.2	0.18	0.22	4.6	26.3	3.9
52-67	5.8	12.7	0.13	0.21	4.7	27.3	4.0
67-127	6.1	10.1	0.08	0.17	5.2	31.6	4.5

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-12	small	-	large	small	-	-	large	-	medium	-	-	-
12-52	small	-	medium	very small	-	-	large	-	medium	-	-	-
52-67	small	-	medium	very small	-	-	medium	-	medium	-	-	-
67-127	small	-	small	very small	-	-	medium	-	medium	-	-	-

Trace elements

Depth (cm)	As mg/kg	Ba mg/kg	Cd mg/kg	Co mg/kg	Cr mg/kg	Cu mg/kg	Mn mg/kg
0-12	-	20	-	18	67	13	-
12-52	-	20	-	7	75	10	-
52-67	-	123	-	7	65	14	-
67-127	-	137	-	6	61	15	-

Depth (cm)	Mo mg/kg	Ni mg/kg	Pb mg/kg	Sr mg/kg	V mg/kg	Zn mg/kg
0-12	-	60	69	68	98	64
12-52	-	74	83	90	101	72
52-67	-	69	82	68	76	88
67-127	-	66	72	52	68	101

Profile description

Ah1 0-12 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,moderate fine subangular blocky and moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,very fine very fine exped and inped tubular random pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah2 12-52 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,moderate fine and medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,few very fine exped and inped tubular random pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
B 52-67 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)silt loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,few very fine exped and inped tubular random pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
67-107 cm	yellowish red (5YR 5/6, moist)silt loam,weakly coherent fine and medium subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,few very fine exped and inped tubular random pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Texture of parent material	silty

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	low level arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LANDUSE: Fields and fallow, some perennial tree crops
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant

Altitude	60m
Physiographic Unit	uplifted coral reef
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	marine terrace
Slope	4%
Slope Aspect	south
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-107cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Indonesia 46: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID046: Cambisols

Classification