Reference soil Italy 02: Orthic Acrisol

IT002

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil IT002: Orthic Acrisols

Short field description: A very deep, well drained, dark brown loamy soil; The structure is best developed in the A and IIB2t-horizon, roots are mainly confined to the topsoil. The pH is neutral in the A and B1, and becomes strongly acid, deeper in the solum. * The efffective soils depth is more than 1.5m.; no evidence of groundwater is found within 2.5m. Soils of this nature are encountered on fairly high topographic positions and are often associated with pediplains. The extent and precize distribution pattern are not known at present.

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-6	23	-	-	-	-	-	40.7	13.5	27	40.5	18.8
10-25	2	-	-	-	-	-	42.7	12.1	26.3	38.4	18.9
45-60	23	-	-	-	-	-	34.5	13.7	22.3	36	29.5
90-105	26	-	-	-	-	-	35.3	10.8	24.9	35.7	29
135-150	6	-	-	-	-	-	29.1	16.8	30.9	47.7	23.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-6	-	-	-	-	18.8
10-25	-	-	-	-	18.9
45-60	-	-	-	-	29.5
90-105	-	-	-	-	29
135-150	-	-	-	-	23.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-6	6.9	5.9	-	-	2.70	0.15	18	-	-	9.2	1.7	0.7	0.1	11.7
10-25	6.8	5.6	-	-	1.80	0.10	18	-	-	8.1	0.5	0.4	0.0	9
45-60	5.4	3.8	-	-	0.41	0.05	8	-	-	3.2	1.5	0.2	0.0	4.9
90-105	5.1	3.6	-	-	0.27	0.04	7	-	-	1.0	0.9	0.2	0.0	2.1
135-150	5.1	3.6	-	-	0.15	0.03	5	-	-	1.0	1.2	0.1	0.0	2.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-6	74	15.9	85	9.5	-	-	-
10-25	66	13.7	72	6.3	-	-	-
45-60	34	14.4	49	1.4	-	-	-
90-105	15	13.7	47	0.9	-	-	-
135-150	16	14.2	61	0.5	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-6	-	-	-	0.07	0.03	1.9	-	-	-	-	0.16
10-25	-	-	-	0.08	0.01	1.8	-	-	-	-	0.15
45-60	-	-	-	0.09	0.04	3.7	-	-	-	-	0.15
90-105	-	-	-	0.11	0.05	3.1	-	-	-	-	0.25
135-150	-	-	-	0.08	0.03	3.3	-	-	-	-	0.16

Profile description

Ah 0-12 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/4, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/4, moist)loam gravelly,moderate coarse crumb to moderate fine crumb,friable,many fine coarse pores,frequent medium gravel weathered fragments,clear wavy boundary to,
BA 12-33 cm	(7.5YR 6/5, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)loam gravelly,moderate coarse subangular blocky to moderate fine subangular blocky,firm,common fine medium pores and few pores,frequent medium gravel weathered fragments,abrupt smooth boundary to,
2Bt 33-96 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)clay loam gravelly,weak coarse prismatic to moderate MF angular blocky,firm,continuous clay cutans,few fine medium pores and common pores,frequent fine gravel weathered schists fragments,gradual wavy boundary to,
96-120 cm	(7.5YR 6.5/8, dry) strong brown (7.5YR 5/8, moist)clay loam gravelly,massive,firm,common heterogeneous prominent mottles (5YR 5/8) and common heterogeneous prominent mottles (10YR 5/8),patchy abrupt cutans,frequent fine gravel weathered schist fragments,
2BC2 120-150 cm	(7.5YR 6.5/8, dry) strong brown (7.5YR 5/8, moist)loam gravelly,massive,firm,patchy clay cutans,frequent fine gravel weathered schist fragments,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	unconsolidated, unspecified
Remarks on Parent Materials	Pleistocene deposits
Texture of parent material (second entry)	mixed

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	May have been arable land
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	degraded
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	shrub

Altitude	680m
Physiographic Unit	pediment 'glacis'remnant
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	pediment
Slope	4%
Slope Aspect	south-east
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Italy 02: Orthic Acrisol

Reference soil IT002: Orthic Acrisols

Classification