Reference soil Jamaica 06: Cambisol

JM006

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil JM006: Cambisols

REFERENCES: Hafkenscheid R. 2000. Hydrology and biogeochemistry of tropical montane rain forests of contrasting stature in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica. Thesis Free University Amsterdam

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Endoleptic- Cambisol (Alumic Humic)

Dystri-Endoleptic- Cambisol

20-88 cm	cambic horizon
-	continuous rock

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
20-88 cm	cambic horizon
-	continuous hard rock

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Humi-Dystric Cambisol

Dystric Cambisol

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-88 cm	cambic B horizon
-	strongly humic

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-88 cm	cambic B horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Dystrudept
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Dystrochrept udic coarse-loamy mixed mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
7-20	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	28.7
20-44	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	22.6
44-71	40	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7.3
71-88	12	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	18.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
7-20	0.4	-	-	-	28.7
20-44	0.8	-	-	-	22.6
44-71	1.0	-	-	-	7.3
71-88	1.1	-	-	-	18.6

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
7-20	0.4	-	-	-	45.5	-	-	-	9.9
20-44	0.8	-	-	-	52.3	-	-	-	19.0
44-71	1.0	-	-	-	51.2	-	-	-	16.0
71-88	1.1	-	-	-	55.2	-	-	-	18.0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-2	5.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	32.7	17.2	3.3	1.3	54.5
2-7	3.8	-	-	-	-	1.06	34	-	-	30.4	9.7	2.2	0.5	42.8
7-20	4.2	-	-	-	-	0.70	19	-	-	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.7
20-44	4.3	-	-	-	-	0.10	16	-	-	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.2

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-2	-	-	-	4.6	-	-	-	-	-
2-7	-	-	-	2.9	-	-	-	-	-
7-20	-	-	-	3.3	-	-	-	-	-
20-44	-	-	-	3.4	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
7-20	4.0	0.04	6.4	0.3	0.2	0.1	59.0	1.7
20-44	5.3	0.04	9.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	69.1	2.1
44-71	13.6	0.02	15.5	0.8	0.8	0.2	60.2	1.9
71-88	25.1	0.01	13.8	1.3	1.6	0.2	46.3	1.3
88-100	16.1	0.11	13.4	1.0	5.6	1.1	55.1	1.1

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
7-20	-	28.1	0.0	0.1	-	-	-
20-44	-	13.5	0.0	0.1	-	-	-
44-71	-	6.8	0.1	0.1	-	-	-
71-88	-	10.3	0.2	0.1	-	-	-
88-100	-	6.1	0.3	0.1	-	-	-

Profile description

Oi 0-2 cm	leaves slightlyhighly porous (>60 vol%),abrupt broken boundary to,
2-7 cm	(7.5YR 2/1, moist)organic highly,granular,very friable slightly sticky,(7.5YR 4/2),many pores highly porous (>60 vol%),many very fine roots,wavy boundary to,
Ah 7-20 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)loam,subangular blocky to fine granular,friable slightly sticky,many very fine and fine pores and many medium pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common very fine roots,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bh 20-44 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,granular and subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky,many fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common fine and medium common medium and coarse roots,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bw1 44-71 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,subangular blocky fine and medium,friable slightly sticky,common very fine fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Bw2 71-88 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)loam,medium and coarse angular blocky,friable non sticky,common mottles (5Y 5/1),common very fine pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),few roots,common weathered andesite fragments,diffuse boundary to,
C 88-100 cm	red (10R 4/6, moist)weakly coherent rock,common medium and coarse gravel weathered andesite fragments,

Depth1	82cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	andesite
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	ejecta ash
Remarks on Parent Materials	andesitic tuff and lava; Purple Volcanics Formation of Cretaceous age
Soil Depth	90cm
Texture of parent material	loamy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Dominant species Cyrilla racemiflora (20%), Chaetocarpus globulus (16%), Alchornea latifolia (15%) and Lyonia cf. octandra (13%)
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	primary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	closed forest

Altitude	1809m
Physiographic Unit	almost flat NNW sloping ridge
Physiographic position of the site	crest
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	mountain
Slope	2%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	mountainous

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Moist From - To	0-100cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

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Reference soil Jamaica 06: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil JM006: Cambisols

Classification