Reference soil Japan 02: Andosol

JP002

Andosols occur throughout the world where volcanic activity is common, especially in the circum-Pacific region and along the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Characteristics

Soils with a vitric or andic horizon (slightly to moderately weathered horizons in pyroclastic deposits dominated by short-range-order minerals, notably allophane and imogolite) starting within 25 cm from the soil surface. In addition, they may have a histic, fulvic, melanic, mollic, umbric, ochric, duric, or cambic horizon. Other diagnostic horizons (unless buried deeper than 50 cm by volcanic deposits) are absent.

Distribution of Andosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil JP002: Andosols

Classification

WRB 2014

Andosol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Umbric Andosol

Humic Andosol

- cm	umbric A horizon

Local classification:	Ando Soil

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Dystrandept coarse-loamy mixed mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	0.6	2.5	7.2	12.9	7.8	31	8.6	30.2	38.8	30.2
15-37	-	0.4	1.9	6.6	12.7	7.5	29.1	10.8	28.9	39.7	31.2
37-57	-	0.3	1.1	3	8.3	6.5	19.2	9.8	31.4	41.2	39.7
57-73	-	0.3	0.8	2.7	8.4	7.1	19.3	9	31.1	40.1	40.6
73-98	-	0.4	1.4	4.1	11.7	8.9	26.5	8.9	22.5	31.4	42.1
98-122	-	0	0.8	11	22.3	10.7	44.8	9.6	19.7	29.3	25.9
122-162	-	0.2	1.3	19.9	27.9	9.3	58.6	6.9	15.5	22.4	19

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	30.2
15-37	-	-	-	-	31.2
37-57	-	-	-	-	39.7
57-73	-	-	-	-	40.6
73-98	-	-	-	-	42.1
98-122	-	-	-	-	25.9
122-162	-	-	-	-	19

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	5.5	4.6	0.14	-	5.80	-	-	-	-	8.5	1.8	0.8	0.0	11.1
15-37	5.7	4.7	0.2	-	5.66	-	-	-	-	8.8	2.2	0.8	0.1	11.9
37-57	6.0	5.1	0.89	-	8.30	-	-	-	-	18.3	3.7	1.4	0.1	23.5
57-73	6.1	5.1	0.21	-	6.92	-	-	-	-	14.9	2.7	2.0	0.1	19.7
73-98	5.9	5.0	0.19	-	1.37	-	-	-	-	7.3	1.4	6.1	0.1	14.9
98-122	6.0	4.6	0.16	-	0.34	-	-	-	-	9.3	1.2	1.7	0.1	12.3
122-162	6.1	4.5	0.13	-	0.25	-	-	-	-	10.4	1.2	0.3	0.2	12.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	23	48.6	161	20.3	-	-	-
15-37	22	53.2	171	19.8	-	-	-
37-57	34	68.6	173	29.1	-	-	-
57-73	31	62.7	154	24.2	-	-	-
73-98	46	32.3	77	4.8	-	-	-
98-122	62	19.9	77	1.2	-	-	-
122-162	67	18.1	95	0.9	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	10	-	-	2.55	1.09	-	-	0.16	0.5	-	1.14
15-37	9.9	-	-	2.87	1.36	-	-	0.15	0.45	-	1.33
37-57	10.1	-	-	3.89	1.78	-	-	0.47	0.71	-	1.53
57-73	10.3	-	-	3.92	1.82	-	-	0.37	0.59	-	1.41
73-98	9.8	-	-	1.58	0.97	-	-	0.11	0.15	-	0.91
98-122	9.6	-	-	0.67	0.33	-	-	0.05	0.08	-	0.27
122-162	9.4	-	-	0.4	0.33	-	-	0.03	0.06	-	0.25

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-15	17.1	1.85	8.9	1.07	1.75	-	49.5	1.08
15-37	17.4	1.92	9.1	1.08	1.74	-	49.4	1.11
37-57	19.5	1.33	10.2	0.95	1.13	-	40.7	1.27
57-73	21.1	1.01	11.2	1.07	0.98	-	40.0	1.41
73-98	22.8	0.59	11.7	1.56	1.01	-	47.7	1.39
98-122	20.9	0.59	5.3	2.0	0.99	-	60.7	1.04
122-162	19.8	0.65	5	1.95	0.95	-	63.4	0.94

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-15	3.0	16.3	0.17	1.07	4.9	14.8	3.7
15-37	3.0	16.2	0.17	0.60	4.8	14.5	3.6
37-57	3.0	22.7	0.16	0.47	3.5	10.6	2.7
57-73	3.0	21.7	0.13	0.36	3.2	9.5	2.4
73-98	3.1	12.2	0.10	0.13	3.6	10.9	2.7
98-122	6.2	7.7	0.05	0.07	4.9	30.5	4.2
122-162	6.2	7.1	0.05	0.06	5.4	33.8	4.7

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-15	-	very weak to weak	-	-	very weak to weak	-	very weak to weak	very weak	-	very weak to weak	-	very weak
122-162	-	weak to medium	-	-	medium to strong	-	weak	medium to strong	-	very weak to weak	-	weak to medium

Profile description

Ap 0-15 cm	(10YR 2/3, moist)clay loam,strong very fine columnar,loose non sticky non plastic,no cutans,many pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah1 15-37 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist)clay loam,weak fine columnar,loose non sticky non plastic,no cutans,many pores,non-cemented pans,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah2 37-57 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist)clay loam,strong very fine columnar,loose non sticky non plastic,no cutans,many pores,non-cemented pans,gradual wavy boundary to,
2Ah3 57-73 cm	(10YR 2/1.5, moist)silty clay,moderate fine columnar,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common pores,non-cemented pans,diffuse smooth boundary to,
3B 73-98 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, moist)clay,weak medium subangular blocky,firm very sticky plastic,no cutans,few pores,non-cemented pans,diffuse wavy boundary to,
3BC 98-122 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)loam,weak medium angular blocky,firm very sticky very plastic,no cutans,few pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
4C1 122-162 cm	reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,weak medium angular blocky,friable very sticky plastic,no cutans,few pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
4C1 122-162 cm	gravel

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	ejecta ash
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	ejecta ash

Major crops	vegetables
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Upland crops: cabbage, carrot, raddish

Altitude	75m
Physiographic Unit	lowest Pleistocene terrace
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-162cm

You are here

Reference soil Japan 02: Andosol

Characteristics

Reference soil JP002: Andosols

Classification