Reference soil Japan 03: Gleysol

JP003

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil JP003: Gleysols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Apg - colour mottles: orange brown. A12g - colour mottles: orange brown. - structural cutans. B21g - additional suffix: ir. - colour mottles: reddish brown/orange brown. - structural cutans. B22g - additional suffix: ir, mn. - colour mottles: dark brown. - structural cutans. B23g - additional suffix: mn. - colour mottles: brownish black. C1g - colour mottles: dark brown.

WRB 2014	FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974
Gleysol	Eutric Gleysol

Location:

Sekimotowakenaka, Sekijoh-cho, Ibaraki Prefecture

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	coarse sand % w/w	very coarse sand % w/w	Gravel % v/v	Total silt % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine silt % w/w	fine sand % w/w	Clay % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	very fine sand % w/w
0-10	1.3	0.2	-	41.8	5.2	24.6	16.3	14.1	44.1	17.2	21.1
10-19	1.3	0.2	-	41.6	5.5	23.4	16.3	13	45.2	18.2	21.9
19-25	1.1	0.4	-	42.5	5	27.2	17.2	14.1	43.6	15.3	19.9
25-36	1.3	0.1	-	39.5	6	24.3	19.2	12.9	47.6	15.2	21
36-53	1.9	0	-	34.3	6.9	20.2	19.9	11.7	54	14.1	25.3
53-84	3.1	0.1	-	30.1	13.3	12.3	23.1	7.1	62.8	17.8	23.2
84-155	0.1	0	-	42.5	0.6	16.9	13.3	7.5	49.9	25.6	35.9

Other

Depth (cm)	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w	Bulk density kg/dm³	COLE cm/cm
0-10	-	-	14.1	-	-
10-19	-	-	13	-	-
19-25	-	-	14.1	-	-
25-36	-	-	12.9	-	-
36-53	-	-	11.7	-	-
53-84	-	-	7.1	-	-
84-155	-	-	7.5	-	-

Chemical characteristics

Depth (cm)	pHKCl unitless	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	EC 1: 2.5 mS/cm	K cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	pH H2O unitless	C / N unitless	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	N %	C % w/w	CaCO3 % w/w
0-10	4.5	-	0.1	5.8	4.3	0.18	0.4	1.0	5.5	-	-	-	5.53	-
10-19	4.6	-	0.1	6.1	4.7	0.13	0.3	1.0	5.7	-	-	-	1.51	-
19-25	5.1	-	0.2	8.6	6.7	0.05	0.2	1.5	6.5	-	-	-	1.04	-
25-36	5.1	-	0.2	8.1	6.3	0.04	0.2	1.4	6.5	-	-	-	0.89	-
36-53	5.2	-	0.2	8.1	6.5	0.04	0.2	1.2	6.4	-	-	-	0.59	-
53-84	5.1	-	0.2	6.3	4.8	0.04	0.2	1.1	6.6	-	-	-	0.29	-
84-155	5.1	-	0.3	9.3	7.3	0.04	0.3	1.4	6.8	-	-	-	0.31	-

Depth (cm)	Al sat. %	ESP %	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg
0-10	-	-	37	15.6	-	111	19.4
10-19	-	-	40	15.3	-	118	5.3
19-25	-	-	57	15	-	106	3.6
25-36	-	-	57	14.3	-	111	3.1
36-53	-	-	60	13.6	-	116	2.1
53-84	-	-	65	9.7	-	137	1.0
84-155	-	-	81	11.5	-	153	1.1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF unitless	P Retention %	Si o % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe o % w/w	Al p % w/w	Al o % w/w	C p % w/w	ODOE unitless	Fe p % w/w	Fe d % w/w
0-10	9.6	-	0.26	-	0.27	0.14	0.57	-	-	0.11	-
10-19	9.7	-	0.31	-	0.37	0.14	0.54	-	-	0.11	-
19-25	9.6	-	0.36	-	1.25	0.09	0.47	-	-	0.21	-
25-36	9.6	-	0.32	-	0.58	0.07	0.36	-	-	0.08	-
36-53	9.5	-	0.35	-	0.44	0.04	0.48	-	-	0.03	-
53-84	9.1	-	0.26	-	0.32	0.02	0.21	-	-	0.01	-
84-155	9.1	-	0.34	-	0.35	0.02	0.22	-	-	0.02	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w	Na2O % w/w	K2O % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w
0-10	2.75	1.64	64.2	0.6	-	1.98	16.1	4.9
10-19	2.85	1.69	64.0	0.61	-	1.99	16.0	5.1
19-25	2.78	1.71	61.7	0.61	-	2.0	16.2	7.7
25-36	2.87	1.7	65.9	0.62	-	2.11	16.9	6.4
36-53	3.04	1.83	64.0	0.62	-	2.06	16.3	6
53-84	3.04	1.89	66.1	0.61	-	2.13	15.6	5.9
84-155	3.19	1.63	64.0	0.57	-	2.10	16.2	5.5

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	P2O5 % w/w	LOI % w/w	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-10	0.07	34.9	6.8	0.32	6.2	5.7	5.2
10-19	0.07	33.4	6.8	0.27	5.7	5.6	4.9
19-25	0.09	21.3	6.5	0.21	5.4	5.0	3.3
25-36	0.11	27.4	6.6	0.16	4.8	5.3	4.1
36-53	0.17	28.4	6.7	0.13	4.3	5.4	4.3
53-84	0.14	29.8	7.2	0.09	3.1	5.8	4.1
84-155	0.12	31.0	6.7	0.09	3.6	5.5	4.6

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)

Mixed-layer unitless

Chlorite unitless

Mica / illite unitless

Kaolinite unitless

Hematite unitless

Feldspar unitless

Vermiculite unitless

Gibbsite unitless

Halloysite unitless

Smec unitless

Quartz unitless

Goethite unitless

0-10

weak

weak to medium

very weak

weak

25-36

weak

weak to medium

very weak to weak

weak

Profile description

Apg1 0-10 cm	dark grey (5Y 4/1, moist)loam,very weak,friable slightly sticky non plastic,few fine faint mottles,no cutans,few pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Apg2 10-19 cm	(5Y 4.5/1, moist)loam,weak medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky non plastic,few fine distinct mottles,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bg1 19-25 cm	(5Y 4.5/1, moist)clay loam,moderate medium angular blocky,friable slightly sticky non plastic,many fine prominent mottles,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bg2 25-36 cm	dark grey (5Y 4/1, moist)loam,weak coarse angular blocky,very friable slightly sticky non plastic,common fine distinct mottles,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,clear smooth boundary to,
Bg3 36-53 cm	(10YR 3.5/3, moist)fine sandy loam,massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,few fine prominent mottles,in root channels and pores cutans,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,clear smooth boundary to,
2Cg 53-84 cm	(10YR 4/3.5, moist)fine sandy loam,massive,friable non sticky non plastic,few fine faint mottles,in root channels and pores cutans,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,diffuse smooth boundary to,
3Cg 84-155 cm	(10YR 3.5/3.5, moist)loam,massive,friable slightly sticky non plastic,in root channels and pores cutans,few very fine pores,non-cemented pans,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy

Major crops	rice
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	paddy
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Wetland rice

Altitude	30m
Physiographic Unit	back slope of natural levee
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	19cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	very poor
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	daily
Nature of flood water	still or stagnant
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	flooded
Moist From - To	0-155cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	ponded
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	10cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Japan 03: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil JP003: Gleysols