Reference soil Kenya 33: Solonetz

KE033

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Stagnic Solonetz(Albic Abruptic Magnesic)

Stagni- Magnesic Solonetz(Albic)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Abrupti-

Stagnic Solonetz

Solodic Planosol

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Typic

Natrustalf

USDA-SCS (1975)

Typic

Natrustalf

Location:

Kilifi District, road Kaioleni-Mariakani, 2km after Kombeni drift

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-6	:	-	0.0	0.0	0.5	41.8	35.0	77.3	8.5	5.1	13.6	9.1
6-40	:	-	0.0	0.0	0.6	42.3	32.8	75.7	9.7	4.2	13.9	10.5
40-105	:	-	0.0	0.0	0.5	33.6	26.0	60.1	6.7	4.3	11	28.7
105-130	:	-	0.4	0.2	0.4	29.9	28.5	59.4	8.2	5.1	13.3	27.3
130-190	:	-	0.4	0.8	2.1	32.4	25.2	60.9	9.2	5.4	14.6	24.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-5	:	1.42	44.0	42.2	40.4	31.5	22.4	20.9	5.5	5.2	-
15-20	:	1.35	46.0	44.5	39.1	19.0	11.6	9.6	4.8	4.5	-
60-65	:	1.66	39.5	39.3	39.0	38.1	36.4	34.8	28.2	25.9	-
110-115	:	1.55	47.2	46.7	45.6	44.0	41.8	41.0	25.5	24.1	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-6	:	-	-	-	-	9.1
6-40	:	-	-	-	2.0	10.5
40-105	:	-	-	-	23.1	28.7
105-130	:	-	-	-	-	27.3
130-190	:	-	-	-	-	24.5

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-6	:	6.6	4.7	0.10	-	0.80	0.05	16	-	-	1.8	1.1	0.1	0.4	3.4
6-40	:	6.1	4.1	0.06	-	0.40	0.02	20	-	-	0.6	1.1	0.1	0.3	2.1
40-105	:	6.5	4.6	0.04	-	0.40	0.03	13	-	-	1.4	5.2	0.2	3.4	10.2
105-130	:	7.3	5.4	0.97	0.7	0.21	-	-	-	-	1.2	3.8	0.1	4.9	10
130-190	:	7.1	4.9	1.06	-	0.16	-	-	-	-	2.1	5.7	0.2	7.4	15.4

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-6	:	5.7	-	2.8	-	60	-	7
6-40	:	5.0	-	1.4	-	42	-	6
40-105	:	11.6	-	1.4	-	88	-	29
105-130	:	12.7	-	0.7	-	79	-	39
130-190	:	15.0	-	0.6	-	103	-	49

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-6	:	-	-	-	-	0.07	0.04	0.02	0.16	0.04	0.03	0.03	-
6-40	:	-	-	-	-	0.08	0.04	0.01	0.16	0.03	0.05	0.05	-
40-105	:	-	-	-	-	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.31	0.05	0.02	0.04	-
105-130	:	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.39	0.04	0.01	0.07	-
130-190	:	-	-	-	-	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.45	0.05	0.01	0.07	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-6	:	-	-	-	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-
6-40	:	-	-	-	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-
40-105	:	-	-	-	-	weak	very strong	weak	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-	-	-
105-130	:	-	-	-	-	weak	very strong	weak	very weak to weak	very weak	-	-	-
130-190	:	-	-	-	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	weak	weak	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ah 0-6 cm	:	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, dry) dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist), loamy very fine sand, porous massive, soft very friable non sticky non plastic, few (2-5%) fine faint mottles, many very fine and fine and few to common common medium and coarse pores, common very fine and fine roots, non calcareous, clear smooth boundary to,
AE 6-40 cm	:	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, dry) dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist), very fine sandy loam, porous massive, slightly hard very friable non sticky non plastic, few (2-5%) fine faint mottles, many very fine and few to common fine and medium pores, common very fine roots, non calcareous, abrupt wavy boundary to,
Btn 40-105 cm	:	brown (10YR 5/3, dry) greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist), sandy clay loam, moderate very coarse prismatic and moderate very coarse columnar, extremely hard friable non sticky non plastic, common (5-15%) fine distinct mottles (5 YR 5/8), patchy clay cutans, few very fine pores, few very fine roots, non calcareous, gradual wavy boundary,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	marine sediments
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	loamy
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	poor
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	submarine sediments

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	sheet
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	slight
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability	straight

Current land use at the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Major crops
Main type of irrigation	no irrigation
Rotation scheme	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	shrub
Status of vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: 80% shrubs (Acacia, Minosacea, Euphorbia), 20% grass, 10% bare ground

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	177 m asl
Regional landform	plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	plain
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	0 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Slope Aspect of the site	straight

Depth of groundwater table	0 cm
Groundwater Top	32 cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	40 cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	105 cm
Runoff	very slow
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	moderately well
To Drainage Class	imperfect
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	0-190 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height	0
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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