Reference soil Mali 08:

ML008

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ML008: Acrisol

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: I -consistency: slightly compact. II -pan fragments are rounded. -consistency: slightly compact. III -consistency: slightly compact. IV -pan fragments are irregularly shaped. -consistency: very compact. V -consistency: slightly compact. -rubefaction. -roots: vertical orientation. VI -pan fragments are irregularly shaped. -consistency: very compact. VII -consistency: compact. -rubefaction. VIII -consistency: very compact. IX -consistency: slightly compact.

Classification

WRB 2014

Acrisol

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	13	5.7	13.3	23.6	23.6	7.3	73.5	8	5.3	13.3	13.3
10-28	20	11.7	11.3	19	18	5.4	65.4	6.8	3.9	10.7	24
28-42	35	6.9	7.9	10.6	10.5	4.7	40.6	6.1	7.3	13.4	46.0
42-56	-	9.1	7.9	9	8.5	4.2	38.7	7.1	5.9	13	48.3
56-66	30	9.3	8.5	8.7	8	4	38.5	7.4	7.2	14.6	46.8
66-98	-	7.8	7.5	8.7	8.2	4.2	36.4	8	10.6	18.6	45
98-128	41	18.6	9.6	7.3	6.4	3.4	45.3	5.8	9.3	15.1	39.6
128-150	-	6.6	6.5	6.9	7.1	4.5	31.6	8	14.2	22.2	46.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	1.52	-	-	8.7	13.3
10-28	-	-	-	18.6	24
28-42	-	-	-	0.9	46.0
42-56	-	-	-	2	48.3
56-66	-	-	-	0.5	46.8
66-98	1.61	-	-	0.9	45
98-128	-	-	-	0.5	39.6
128-150	-	-	-	0.4	46.4

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-10	1.52	38.9	36.1	27.7	19.8	17.9	16	12.4	9.7
66-98	1.61	41.6	39.6	35.3	30.8	29.3	27.7	30.6	27.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	6.5	5.6	0.04	-	0.89	0.07	13	0	0	2.2	1.0	0.1	0.0	3.3
10-28	5.5	4.5	0.02	-	0.69	0.04	17	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.4	0	0.0	0.8
28-42	5.5	4.8	0.01	-	0.50	0.03	17	0.1	0	0.8	0.5	0	0.0	1.3
42-56	5.7	5.3	0.01	-	0.39	-	-	0	0	0.8	0.7	0	0.0	1.5
56-66	5.8	5.4	0.01	-	0.26	-	-	0	0	0.8	0.7	0	0.0	1.5
66-98	5.7	5.0	0.01	-	0.18	-	-	0.1	0	0.4	0.4	0	0.0	0.8
98-128	5.6	5.0	0.01	-	0.10	-	-	0	0	0.2	0.2	0	0.0	0.4
128-150	5.5	4.6	0.01	-	0.08	-	-	0.3	0	0.2	0.1	0	0.0	0.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	94	3.5	26	3.1	-	0	-
10-28	32	2.5	10	2.4	-	8	-
28-42	30	4.4	10	1.8	-	0	-
42-56	45	3.3	7	1.4	-	0	-
56-66	50	3.0	6	0.9	-	0	-
66-98	25	3.2	7	0.6	-	0	-
98-128	11	3.5	9	0.4	-	0	-
128-150	9	3.3	7	0.3	-	0	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.1	0	2.1	0.1	-	-	-	0.1
10-28	-	-	-	0.1	0	3.3	0.3	-	-	-	0.1
28-42	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	4.1	0.4	-	-	-	0.1
42-56	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	5.2	0.5	-	-	-	0.1
56-66	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	5.3	0.4	-	-	-	0.1
66-98	-	-	-	0.1	0	4.8	0.4	-	-	-	0.1
98-128	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	6.5	0.5	-	-	-	0.1
128-150	-	-	-	0.1	0.1	5.6	0.5	-	-	-	0.1

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
10-28	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
28-42	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
42-56	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
56-66	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
66-98	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
98-128	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-
128-150	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

I 0-5 cm	weak red (2.5YR 5/2, dry) weak red (2.5YR 4/2, moist)sandy loam,weak coarse subangular blocky,soft friable non sticky non plastic,common fine pores,clear smooth boundary to,
II 5-10 cm	weak red (2.5YR 4/2, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,weak medium subangular blocky,slightly hard friable non sticky non plastic,common medium pores,few medium gravel fresh pan fragments,diffuse smooth boundary to,
III 10-20 cm	reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4, moist)silt,very weak medium subangular blocky,slightly hard firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
IV 20-30 cm	reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4, moist)sandy loam very gravelly,single grain to massive,hard firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,few fine pores,very frequent medium gravel fresh pan fragments,abrupt smooth boundary to,
V 30-40 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)silty clay loam,weak medium subangular blocky,slightly hard firm sticky plastic,patchy thin clay throughout cutans,common very fine pores,clear smooth boundary to,
VI 40-55 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, moist)silty clay loam very gravelly,single grain to massive,hard friable sticky plastic,frequent medium gravel fresh pan fragments,clear smooth boundary to,
VII 55-80 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)clay loam,very weak medium subangular blocky,slightly hard firm sticky plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
VIII 80-105 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)clay loam very gravelly,subangular blocky,very frequent medium gravel pan very frequent coarse gravel and stones pan fragments,abrupt boundary to,
IX 105-120 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)clay loam gravelly,weak medium angular blocky,slightly hard sticky plastic,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	lateritic material
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	colluvial

Physiographic Unit	piedmont of lateritic hill
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	pediment
Slope	3%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

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Reference soil Mali 08:

Characteristics

Reference soil ML008: Acrisol

Classification