Reference soil Netherlands 06: Fluvisol

NL006

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

A deep, clayey soil with low chroma (/1), derived from holocene alluvial deposits, with a weak prismatic structure breaking into moderate subangular blocks. There are shallow drainage channels on site, the groundwater table is below 120 cm. In B1 horizon, there are some brick pieces. At 105 cm, there is the top part of a buried soil. (additional climatic data: xa - insolation (hrs))

WRB 1998:

Eutri- Gleyic Fluvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Eutric Fluvisol

0-0 cm

ochric A horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Mollic

Fluvaquent

USDA-SCS (1975)

Mollic

Fluvaquent

clayey

mixed

mesic

Classification (other)

Komkleigrond, Poldervaaggrond

Location:

Prov. of Utrecht, W of Werkhoven

More images

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	0.1	1.6	3.5	5.5	2	12.7	6.8	35.5	42.3	43.5
8-30	:	-	0.4	0.6	1.4	2.6	1.8	6.8	5.6	41.1	46.7	46.5
30-55	:	-	0.3	0.2	0.5	1.1	1.3	3.4	6.2	38.4	44.6	52.2
55-90	:	-	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	38.8	39.1	60.8
90-105	:	-	0	0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0	30.4	30.4	69.5
105-125	:	-	0	0	0.1	0.2	1.7	2	6.7	22.9	29.6	68.4
125-135	:	-	0	0.1	0.1	0.5	6.9	7.6	23.4	31.4	54.8	37.7

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	-	-	-	43.5
8-30	:	-	-	-	-	46.5
30-55	:	-	-	-	-	52.2
55-90	:	-	-	-	-	60.8
90-105	:	-	-	-	-	69.5
105-125	:	-	-	-	-	68.4
125-135	:	-	-	-	-	37.7

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-8	:	5.6	5.0	0.48	-	8.60	0.72	12	-	-	25.1	4.5	1.1	0.1	30.8
8-30	:	6.2	5.0	0.2	-	2.01	0.22	9	-	-	24.7	4.5	0.6	0.1	29.9
30-55	:	5.7	4.2	0.12	-	1.05	0.14	8	-	-	23.0	4.5	0.3	0.2	28
55-90	:	6.1	4.6	0.18	-	0.86	0.10	9	-	-	29	7.2	0.1	0.3	36.6
90-105	:	6.2	4.7	0.19	-	1.06	0.13	8	-	-	32.0	7.3	0.1	0.5	39.9
105-125	:	6.1	4.8	0.23	-	1.43	0.12	12	-	-	30.5	6.6	0.2	0.4	37.7
125-135	:	6.2	4.8	0.17	-	0.38	0.11	3	-	-	17.8	3.9	0.1	0.1	21.9

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-8	:	33.9	78	30.1	-	91	-	0
8-30	:	33.6	72	7	-	89	-	0
30-55	:	37.6	72	3.7	-	74	-	1
55-90	:	39.4	65	3.0	-	93	-	1
90-105	:	44.6	64	3.7	-	89	-	1
105-125	:	47.1	69	5	-	80	-	1
125-135	:	25.3	67	1.3	-	87	-	0

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)		SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-8	:	52.7	23.4	8.3	0.31	2.45	3.38	-	0.85
8-30	:	52.8	23.4	8.5	0.15	2.47	3.16	-	0.88
30-55	:	52	23.3	8.9	0.2	2.54	2.92	-	0.82
55-90	:	52.3	23	9.9	0.2	2.73	3.13	-	0.8
90-105	:	53.9	23.6	8.4	0.26	2.84	3.17	-	0.81
105-125	:	53	24.5	8.9	0.23	2.83	3.03	-	0.78
125-135	:	52.9	23.8	9.1	0.24	2.9	3.09	-	0.78

Depth (cm)		MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	Ign.Loss clay (wt%)	Total clay (%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-8	:	0.13	0.7	9.3	101.5	3.8	17	3.1	4.4
8-30	:	0.1	0.27	8	99.7	3.8	16.6	3.1	4.3
30-55	:	0.07	0.19	8.4	99.3	3.8	15.5	3	4.1
55-90	:	0.11	0.22	8	100.4	3.9	14	3	3.6
90-105	:	0.08	0.19	7.6	101	3.9	17	3.2	4.4
105-125	:	0.06	0.24	8.1	101.4	3.7	16.2	3	4.4
125-135	:	0.07	0.33	7.9	101.1	3.8	15.5	3	4.1

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)		SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-8	:	58.0	12.6	5.2	1.22	1.29	2.24	-	0.69
8-30	:	64.6	14.7	5.9	0.91	1.5	2.45	-	0.81
30-55	:	64.4	16.3	6.4	0.86	1.71	2.49	-	0.84
55-90	:	58.0	17.4	9	1	2.16	2.71	-	0.8
90-105	:	59.2	19.4	7.4	1.08	2.37	2.89	-	0.82
105-125	:	57.8	18.7	7.8	1.12	2.21	2.57	-	0.75
125-135	:	69.3	13.3	5.5	0.86	1.52	2.25	-	0.68

Depth (cm)		MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	LOI (wt%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-8	:	0.13	0.56	18.9	7.8	29.9	6.2	3.8
8-30	:	0.11	0.20	8.7	7.5	29.3	6.0	3.9
30-55	:	0.08	0.13	7.2	6.7	26.6	5.4	4.0
55-90	:	0.24	0.21	7.7	5.6	17.2	4.2	3.0
90-105	:	0.14	0.17	8.1	5.2	21.2	4.2	4.1
105-125	:	0.09	0.23	9.0	5.2	19.6	4.1	3.7
125-135	:	0.06	0.21	5.0	8.8	33.7	7.0	3.8

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-8	:	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-
8-30	:	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-
30-55	:	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	strong	-	-	-	-	-
55-90	:	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-
90-105	:	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-
105-125	:	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-
125-135	:	weak to medium	weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ap 0-6 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, dry) very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist), clay, moderate very fine and fine subangular blocky, hard firm slightly sticky plastic, clear smooth boundary to,
B 6-30 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, dry) very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist), clay, weak coarse prismatic parting to moderate fine subangular blocky, hard firm slightly sticky plastic, few fine faint clear mottles (10 YR 4/4), many micro very fine pores, worm channels, gradual smooth boundary to,
Bg 30-55 cm	grey (10YR 5/1, dry) grey (10YR 5/1, moist), clay, weak coarse prismatic parting to weak medium subangular blocky, gradual smooth boundary to,
BC 55-105 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, dry) dark grey (10YR 4/1, moist), weak medium subangular blocky, many medium distinct clear mottles (7.5 YR 3/4), many very fine pores,
2Ahb 105-125 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist), clay, structureless, few medium distinct clear mottles (7.5 YR 3/4), broken pressure cutans, many fine pores,
2Cb 125-135 cm	(light) grey (10YR 6/1, moist), silty clay, structureless, many medium prominent clear mottles (7.5 YR 3/4), few coarse pores,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	fluvial
Texture of parent material (1st entry)
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	partially or moderately
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Texture of parent material (2nd entry)	clayey
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	backswamp deposits

Current land use at the site	cultivated pasture
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site
Status of vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Land used as orchard some years ago

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	0 m asl
Regional landform	alluvial plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	backswamp
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	0 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site
Slope Aspect of the site

Depth of groundwater table	120 cm
Groundwater Top	30 cm
Groundwater Bottom	120 cm
Kind of groundwater table	groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	very slow
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	imperfect
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	0-50 cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	50 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

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Reference soil Netherlands 06: Fluvisol