Reference soil Netherlands 12: Anthrosol

NL012

Anthrosols occur over large areas in the Far East where growing of paddy rice takes place for centuries, in the Middle East where prolonged irrigation has been practised, and over small areas in western Europe and other parts of the world where long-time fertilization and earth-manuring have profoundly modified existing soils

Characteristics

Soils having either a hortic, irragric, plaggic or terric horizon 50 cm or more thick, or an anthraquic horizon and an underlying hydragric horizon with a combined thickness of 50 cm or more.

Distribution of Anthrosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NL012: Anthrosols

VEGETATION: Red oak (Quercus borealis)

Classification

WRB 1998

Areni-Plaggic- Anthrosol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Fimic Anthrosol

Humic Cambisol

Local classification:	Enkeerdgrond (black)

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Plagganthrept
USDA-SCS (1975)	Plaggept udic sandy siliceous mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-6	-	0.2	2.5	15.2	49.8	16.8	84.5	7.7	3.3	11	4.6
6-35	-	0.2	2.5	15.4	50.7	16.2	85	7.8	2.4	10.2	4.8
35-65	-	0.1	1.3	13.3	49.6	17.8	82.1	9.3	3.4	12.7	5.2
65-115	-	0.2	1.4	13.3	50.8	18.5	84.2	9	3.3	12.3	3.7
115-150	-	0.3	2	15.2	60.6	17.1	95.2	2.8	0.6	3.4	1.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-6	-	-	-	-	4.6
6-35	-	-	-	-	4.8
35-65	-	-	-	-	5.2
65-115	-	-	-	-	3.7
115-150	-	-	-	-	1.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-6	3.6	2.9	0.14	-	4.07	-	-	-	-	1.6	0.3	0.1	0.0	2
6-35	3.8	3.4	0.09	-	2.41	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.1	0	0.0	0.9
35-65	4.0	3.8	0.15	-	2.17	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.1	0	0.0	0.9
65-115	4.3	4.2	0.06	-	0.51	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.1	0	0.0	0.9
115-150	4.4	4.4	0.05	-	0.12	-	-	-	-	0.8	0.1	0	0.0	0.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-6	16	12.8	-	14.2	-	-	-
6-35	13	7.1	-	8.4	-	-	-
35-65	15	5.9	-	7.6	-	-	-
65-115	56	1.6	-	1.8	-	-	-
115-150	180	0.5	-	0.4	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap1 0-6 cm	(7.5YR 2/1.5, moist)loamy fine sand slightly gravelly organic slightly,structureless porous massive,loose,highly porous (>60 vol%),many fine and medium in cracks roots,frequent,non calcareous,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ap2 6-35 cm	(7.5YR 3.5/4, moist)fine sand slightly gravelly organic highly,strongly coherent porous massive to single grain,loose,broken thin humus cutans,common fine and medium roots,non calcareous,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ap3 35-65 cm	(7.5YR 3.5/4, moist)fine sand slightly gravelly organic highly,moderately coherent single grain to very weak medium platy,loose,broken thin humus cutans,common fine and medium roots,non calcareous,gradual smooth boundary to,
AC 65-115 cm	(7.5YR 3.5/4, moist)fine sand slightly gravelly organic highly,structureless single grain,loose,patchy thin humus cutans,common fine and medium roots,non calcareous,clear wavy boundary to,
C 115-150 cm	red (2.5YR 4/8, moist)fine sand slightly gravelly,structureless single grain,loose,non calcareous,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian sand
Remarks on Parent Materials	cover sand of Weichselian age
Soil Depth	100cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	high
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	forestry
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Originally arable land
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	25m
Physiographic Unit	low ridge
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	sand plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	rapid
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Netherlands 12: Anthrosol

Characteristics

Reference soil NL012: Anthrosols

Classification