Reference soil Netherlands 16: Podzol

NL016

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Haplic Podzol(Anthric)

Anthric Podzol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Haplic Podzol

Orthic Podzol

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Typic

Haplorthod

USDA-SCS (1975)

Typic

Haplorthod

sandy

siliceous

mesic

Classification (other)

Veldpodzolgrond

Location:

Prov. of Gelderland, Stroe

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)	Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-5	-	0.2	1.1	8	44.9	35.3	89.5	5.2	3.7	8.9	1.6
5-17	-	0.6	2.5	13.5	59.6	15.2	91.4	3.5	3.3	6.8	1.6
17-26	-	1.6	3.5	15.7	56.9	12.4	90.1	4.3	2.9	7.2	2.7
26-31	-	1.1	3.3	17.3	61.5	9.8	93	2.8	3	5.8	1.3
31-55	-	0.9	2.6	14	60.1	15.1	92.7	3.5	2.4	5.9	1.4
55-67	-	1.2	3.3	14.8	65.3	11.5	96.1	1.4	1.1	2.5	1.4
70-105	-	2.1	3.9	11.9	66.9	14.1	98.9	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.5
105-120	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
120-150	-	0.1	0.7	12.7	76.6	8.3	98.4	1.1	0.2	1.3	0.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-5	-	-	-	-	1.6
5-17	-	-	-	-	1.6
17-26	-	-	-	-	2.7
26-31	-	-	-	-	1.3
31-55	-	-	-	-	1.4
55-67	-	-	-	-	1.4
70-105	-	-	-	-	0.5
105-120	-	-	-	-	-
120-150	-	-	-	-	0.2

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-5	3.6	3.0	0.74	-	3.83	0.16	24	4.1	2.2	-	-	-	-	-
5-17	3.9	3.4	0.34	-	3.22	0.08	40	2.5	1.6	-	-	-	-	-
17-26	4.0	3.6	0.1	-	4.30	0.13	33	3.4	2.4	-	-	-	-	-
26-31	4.1	3.8	0.07	-	2.88	0.11	26	2.3	1.6	-	-	-	-	-
31-55	4.3	4.1	0.04	-	0.61	0.30	2	0.8	0.2	-	-	-	-	-
55-67	4.4	4.2	0.04	-	0.26	-	-	0.6	0	-	-	-	-	-
70-105	4.5	4.3	0.03	-	0.09	-	-	0.4	0	-	-	-	-	-
105-120	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
120-150	6.0	4.5	0.04	-	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ap1 0-5 cm	(7.5YR 3/1, moist), fine sand organic highly, structureless porous massive, non calcareous, clear smooth boundary to,
Ap2 5-17 cm	(7.5YR 3/1, moist), coarse sand organic highly, structureless porous massive, non calcareous, clear wavy boundary to,
AB 17-31 cm	reddish grey (5YR 5/2, moist), fine sand, structureless porous massive, patchy thin humus around sand grains cutans, non calcareous, clear wavy boundary to,
Bh 31-55 cm	dark brown (7.5YR 3/4, moist), fine sand, structureless porous massive, continuous moderately thick humus around sand grains cutans, non calcareous, clear wavy boundary to,
BC 55-150 cm	(10YR 4.5/4, moist), coarse sand, structureless porous massive, patchy moderately thick humus around sand grains cutans, non calcareous,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	eolian sand
Texture of parent material (1st entry)
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	partially or moderately
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Texture of parent material (2nd entry)	sandy
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	100 cm

Current land use at the site
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site
Status of vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Heather

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	m asl
Regional landform	sand plain
Topography of the surrounding country	undulating
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	%
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located
Form of the slope surrounding the site
Slope Aspect of the site

Depth of groundwater table	cm
Groundwater Top	cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	medium
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Drainage Class	well
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

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