Reference soil Netherlands 19: Fluvisol

NL019

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NL019: Fluvisols

An imperfectly drained soil, derived from holocene river sediments, situated on a flood plain with "escarpment" (about 2m) to river bed. The site is an eroded river bank that is flooded in winter, connected with deposition of sandy-clayey material. Therefore, the profile is a mixture of changing sandy and clayey sedimentary layers. The C2 is coloured 10 YR 5/3 (sand and 10 YR 4/2 (clay); the C4 10 YR 6/3 (sand) and 10 YR 4/2 (clay). (authors: Breimer/van Reuler/Van Kekem//de Sitter)

Classification

WRB 1998

Calcaric- Fluvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calcaric Fluvisol

Local classification:	Poldervaaggrond

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Udifluvent
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Udifluvent udic sandy illitic (calcareous) mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
-	-	0.2	1.7	9	59.9	43.6	-	7	9.4	5.6	6.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
-	-	-	-	-	6.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
-	7.8	7.6	0.42	-	4.41	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

C1 0-1 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, moist)medium sand,single grain,loose loose,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C2 1-45 cm	single grain and porous massiveloose friable non sticky non plastic,common medium distinct mottles (7.5 YR 5/8) and common coarse distinct mottles (5 YR 4/6),few very fine continuous tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C3 45-78 cm	very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist)clay loam,weak to moderate medium angular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many coarse distinct sharp mottles (10 YR 3/8),common very fine fine continuous inped tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C4 78-90 cm	single grain and weak medium angular blockyloose friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many medium distinct clear mottles (10 YR 2/1) and many medium distinct mottles (7.5 YR 4/4),common very fine fine continuous inped tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C5 90-120 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, moist)clay loam,weak medium angular blocky,friable slightly sticky plastic,common medium distinct clear mottles (7.5 YR 5/5) and many coarse distinct mottles (10 YR 4/4),many very fine discontinuous vesicular pores and many fine continuous tubular pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	river sediments
Soil Depth	120cm
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	cultivated pasture
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	grassland

Altitude	80m
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	floodplain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	yearly
Nature of flood water	fresh
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	500cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	200cm
Moist From - To	0-120cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Netherlands 19: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil NL019: Fluvisols

Classification