Reference soil Netherlands 28: Podzol

NL028

Podzols mainly occur in cool temperate and moist regions on coarse textured materials. Areas of Podzols have also been recorded from wet, tropical regions, notably the Amazon basin, southern central Africa and southeast Asia.

Characteristics

Soils having a spodic horizon (a dark coloured subsurface horizon with illuvial amorphous alumino-organic substances) within 200 cm from the soil surface, underlying an albic, histic, umbric or ochric horizon, or an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick. Podzols are probably the most extensively researched group of soils.

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NL028: Podzols

The depth and thickness of horizons varies considerably especially in the 2C horizon, which is tilted. BC horizon has a number of fine fibers of humus. Brown Bh2 describes a (humus/iron) pan formed by humus illuviation

Classification

WRB 1998

Haplic- Podzol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Carbic Podzol

Humic Podzol

- cm	albic E horizon
- cm	spodic B horizon

Local classification:	Haarpodzol

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Arenic Haplohumod
USDA-SCS (1975)	Arenic Haplohumod udic sandy mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
5-11	-	0.8	9.2	28.1	42.7	6.2	87	7.7	3	10.7	2.2
11-21	-	0.8	9.8	30.4	46.1	5.8	92.9	3.4	2.2	5.6	1.4
21-26	-	1	10	28.9	43.3	5.4	88.6	6.6	1.8	8.4	2.9
26-35	-	1.5	10.3	29.6	45	5.6	92	3.5	2	5.5	2.7
35-55	-	1.1	9	27.5	47.2	7	91.8	4.5	0.7	5.2	3
55-105	-	0.8	8.4	28.1	49.5	5.5	92.3	5	2.6	7.6	0.2
105-135	37	10.1	16.5	33.9	34.5	2.5	97.5	0.4	1	1.4	1.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
2-7	1.24	-	-	-	-
17-22	1.12	-	-	-	-
5-11	-	-	-	-	2.2
60-65	1.49	-	-	-	-
11-21	-	-	-	-	1.4
21-26	-	-	-	-	2.9
26-35	-	-	-	-	2.7
35-55	-	-	-	-	3
55-105	-	-	-	-	0.2
105-135	-	-	-	-	1.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
2-7	1.24	45.4	43.3	40.2	30.1	27.4	25.2	5.1	5
17-22	1.12	52.6	51.6	51.2	47.4	42.9	38.7	11.2	10
60-65	1.49	35.5	32.4	28.4	13	9.4	8.4	5.8	5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	3.6	2.7	0.18	-	49.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5-11	3.6	2.8	0.09	-	4.10	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.3	0.3
11-21	3.8	3.0	0.06	-	2.10	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.1	0.1
21-26	3.7	3.3	0.08	-	6.30	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
26-35	4.3	4.1	0.03	-	2.80	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.1	0.1
35-55	4.6	4.4	0.03	-	1.00	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.1	0.1
55-105	4.8	4.5	0.03	-	0.10	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.1	0.1
105-135	4.9	4.6	0.02	-	0.10	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
5-11	3	11.5	-	-	-	-	-
11-21	2	6.1	-	-	-	-	-
21-26	0	8.5	-	-	-	-	-
26-35	1	9.7	-	-	-	-	-
35-55	2	3.8	-	-	-	-	-
55-105	8	1.5	-	-	-	-	-
105-135	0	1.5	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

O 0-5 cm	herbaceous fragments slightlyabrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah 5-11 cm	(7.5YR 2/no, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial pores highly porous (>60 vol%),clear smooth boundary to,
E 11-21 cm	(7.5YR 3/no, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial pores highly porous (>60 vol%),clear smooth boundary to,
Bh1 21-26 cm	(10YR 2/no, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),clear smooth boundary to,
Bh2 26-35 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine pores,clear smooth boundary to,
B/C 35-55 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine pores,clear irregular boundary to,
C 55-105 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)Description sand,single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
2C 105-135 cm	brownish yellow (10YR 6/6, moist)Description sand gravelly,single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,

Depth1	100cm
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian sand
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	fluvio-glacial sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	cover sand
Soil Depth	30cm
Weathering Resistance	very high
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	afforestation
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	54m
Physiographic Unit	wind blown sand
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	dune field
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-130cm

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Reference soil Netherlands 28: Podzol

Characteristics

Reference soil NL028: Podzols

Classification